BIOWASTE TEMPLATED TiO2 NANOPARTICLES DOPED WITH IRON IONS: STRUCTURAL, MORPHOLOGICAL, AND OPTICAL CHARACTERIZATION

Nazlı Türkten; Yunus Karataş; Zekiye Cinar

doi:10.17780/ksujes.1728400

EN TR

BIOWASTE TEMPLATED TiO2 NANOPARTICLES DOPED WITH IRON IONS: STRUCTURAL, MORPHOLOGICAL, AND OPTICAL CHARACTERIZATION

Abstract

This study highlighted a facile preparation of a low-cost and efficient iron dopant photocatalyst using rice husk (RH) for water treatment. RH was not only used as a template but also as a multi-dopant source to prepare biowaste-templated TiO2 nanoparticles with iron ions (RH-Fe-TiO2). RH, as an agricultural waste, was used to prepare RH-Fe-TiO2 nanoparticles through a sol-gel method, followed by iron doping via a wet impregnation method. XRD analysis results indicated that the RH-Fe-TiO2 specimen contained a mixed phase, primarily composed of anatase and a smaller amount of rutile TiO2. The removal of the sacrificial template and the iron doping were confirmed through SEM-EDAX and XPS analysis. FTIR analysis also proved the presence of silicon derived from RH and iron dopant ions resulting from the doping procedure. The morphology of the RH-Fe-TiO2 specimen exhibited a fibrous and lamellar structure with cracks formed due to the removal of the sacrificial template. The iron doping process resulted in a reduction of the band gap and an observed red shift in the spectrum. The BET surface area of the photocatalyst was found to be 47 m2/g. The RH-Fe-TiO2 catalyst degraded 41% of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) in 120 min.

Keywords

DEMİR İYONLARI KATKILI BİYO-ATIK İÇERİKLİ TiO2 NANO TANECİKLERİ: YAPISAL, MORFOLOJİK VE OPTİKSEL KARAKTERİZASYONU

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, pirinç kabuğu (RH) kullanılması ile düşük maliyetli ve etkili bir demir katkılı fotokatalizörün su arıtımında kullanılması için kolay bir yöntemle sentezi konusu vurgulanmıştır. RH sadece bir şablon olarak kullanılmamış, aynı zamanda çoklu bir katkılandırma kaynağı olarak da demir iyonları içeren biyo-atık içerikli TiO2 nano taneciklerinin (RH-Fe-TiO2) hazırlanmasında kullanılmıştır. RH-Fe-TiO2 örneğinin hazırlanmasında tarımsal atık olan RH ile sol-jel yöntemi ve ardından ıslak emdirme yöntemi kullanılarak demir katkılandırılması sağlanmıştır. XRD analiz sonuçları, RH-Fe-TiO2 nano taneciklerinin başlıca anataz fazı ve eser miktarda rutil TiO2 fazı içeren bir faz karışımından oluştuğunu göstermiştir. SEM-EDAX ve XPS analizleri ile şablonunun uzaklaştırılması ve demir katkısının varlığı doğrulandı. FTIR analizi ile RH’den gelen silikonun ve katkılandırma işleminden oluşan demir iyonlarının varlığı kanıtlanmıştır. RH-Fe-TiO2 numunesinin morfolojisi, şablonunun uzaklaşması sonucunda oluşan çatlaklar içeren lifli ve lamelli bir yapı göstermiştir. Demir ile katkılandırma işlemi sonucunda, band boşluğu azalmış ve spektrumda kırmızıya doğru bir kayma gözlenmiştir. Fotokatalizörün BET yüzey alanı 47 m2/g olarak bulunmuştur. RH-Fe-TiO2 katalizörü, 4-nitrofenolün (4-NP) %41'ini 120 dakikada giderebilmiştir.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Environmental Pollution and Prevention, Global Environmental Engineering, Wastewater Treatment Processes

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Nazlı Türkten
0000-0001-9343-3697
Türkiye

Yunus Karataş ^*
0000-0002-3826-463X
Türkiye

Zekiye Cinar
0009-0008-0377-6126
Türkiye

Publication Date

March 3, 2026

Submission Date

June 27, 2025

Acceptance Date

July 26, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 29 Number: 1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.17780/ksujes.1728400

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA43FB53LA

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Türkten, N., Karataş, Y., & Cinar, Z. (2026). BIOWASTE TEMPLATED TiO2 NANOPARTICLES DOPED WITH IRON IONS: STRUCTURAL, MORPHOLOGICAL, AND OPTICAL CHARACTERIZATION. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 29(1), 420-429. https://doi.org/10.17780/ksujes.1728400

AMA

1.Türkten N, Karataş Y, Cinar Z. BIOWASTE TEMPLATED TiO2 NANOPARTICLES DOPED WITH IRON IONS: STRUCTURAL, MORPHOLOGICAL, AND OPTICAL CHARACTERIZATION. KSU J. Eng. Sci. 2026;29(1):420-429. doi:10.17780/ksujes.1728400

Chicago

Türkten, Nazlı, Yunus Karataş, and Zekiye Cinar. 2026. “BIOWASTE TEMPLATED TiO2 NANOPARTICLES DOPED WITH IRON IONS: STRUCTURAL, MORPHOLOGICAL, AND OPTICAL CHARACTERIZATION”. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 29 (1): 420-29. https://doi.org/10.17780/ksujes.1728400.

EndNote

Türkten N, Karataş Y, Cinar Z (March 1, 2026) BIOWASTE TEMPLATED TiO2 NANOPARTICLES DOPED WITH IRON IONS: STRUCTURAL, MORPHOLOGICAL, AND OPTICAL CHARACTERIZATION. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 29 1 420–429.

IEEE

[1]N. Türkten, Y. Karataş, and Z. Cinar, “BIOWASTE TEMPLATED TiO2 NANOPARTICLES DOPED WITH IRON IONS: STRUCTURAL, MORPHOLOGICAL, AND OPTICAL CHARACTERIZATION”, KSU J. Eng. Sci., vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 420–429, Mar. 2026, doi: 10.17780/ksujes.1728400.

ISNAD

Türkten, Nazlı - Karataş, Yunus - Cinar, Zekiye. “BIOWASTE TEMPLATED TiO2 NANOPARTICLES DOPED WITH IRON IONS: STRUCTURAL, MORPHOLOGICAL, AND OPTICAL CHARACTERIZATION”. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 29/1 (March 1, 2026): 420-429. https://doi.org/10.17780/ksujes.1728400.

JAMA

1.Türkten N, Karataş Y, Cinar Z. BIOWASTE TEMPLATED TiO2 NANOPARTICLES DOPED WITH IRON IONS: STRUCTURAL, MORPHOLOGICAL, AND OPTICAL CHARACTERIZATION. KSU J. Eng. Sci. 2026;29:420–429.

MLA

Türkten, Nazlı, et al. “BIOWASTE TEMPLATED TiO2 NANOPARTICLES DOPED WITH IRON IONS: STRUCTURAL, MORPHOLOGICAL, AND OPTICAL CHARACTERIZATION”. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 29, no. 1, Mar. 2026, pp. 420-9, doi:10.17780/ksujes.1728400.

Vancouver

1.Nazlı Türkten, Yunus Karataş, Zekiye Cinar. BIOWASTE TEMPLATED TiO2 NANOPARTICLES DOPED WITH IRON IONS: STRUCTURAL, MORPHOLOGICAL, AND OPTICAL CHARACTERIZATION. KSU J. Eng. Sci. 2026 Mar. 1;29(1):420-9. doi:10.17780/ksujes.1728400