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BIOWASTE TEMPLATED TiO2 NANOPARTICLES DOPED WITH IRON IONS: STRUCTURAL, MORPHOLOGICAL, AND OPTICAL CHARACTERIZATION

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 29 Sayı: 1, 420 - 429, 03.03.2026

Nazlı Türkten , Yunus Karataş , Zekiye Cinar

https://doi.org/10.17780/ksujes.1728400
https://izlik.org/JA43FB53LA

Öz

This study highlighted a facile preparation of a low-cost and efficient iron dopant photocatalyst using rice husk (RH) for water treatment. RH was not only used as a template but also as a multi-dopant source to prepare biowaste-templated TiO2 nanoparticles with iron ions (RH-Fe-TiO2). RH, as an agricultural waste, was used to prepare RH-Fe-TiO2 nanoparticles through a sol-gel method, followed by iron doping via a wet impregnation method. XRD analysis results indicated that the RH-Fe-TiO2 specimen contained a mixed phase, primarily composed of anatase and a smaller amount of rutile TiO2. The removal of the sacrificial template and the iron doping were confirmed through SEM-EDAX and XPS analysis. FTIR analysis also proved the presence of silicon derived from RH and iron dopant ions resulting from the doping procedure. The morphology of the RH-Fe-TiO2 specimen exhibited a fibrous and lamellar structure with cracks formed due to the removal of the sacrificial template. The iron doping process resulted in a reduction of the band gap and an observed red shift in the spectrum. The BET surface area of the photocatalyst was found to be 47 m2/g. The RH-Fe-TiO2 catalyst degraded 41% of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) in 120 min.

Anahtar Kelimeler

4-Nitrophenol biotemplate biowaste iron doping rice husk photocatalysis.

Kaynakça

  • Banu Yener, H., & Helvacı, Ş. Ş. (2015). Effect of synthesis temperature on the structural properties and photocatalytic activity of TiO2/SiO2 composites synthesized using rice husk ash as a SiO2 source. Separation and Purification Technology, 140, 84-93. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2014.11.013
  • Bibi, A., Bibi, S., Abu-Dieyeh, M., & Al-Ghouti, M. A. (2023). Towards sustainable physiochemical and biological techniques for the remediation of phenol from wastewater: A review on current applications and removal mechanisms. Journal of Cleaner Production, 417, 137810. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.137810
  • Birben, N. C., Uyguner-Demirel, C. S., Kavurmaci, S. S., Gürkan, Y. Y., Turkten, N., Cinar, Z., & Bekbolet, M. (2017). Application of Fe-doped TiO2 specimens for the solar photocatalytic degradation of humic acid. Catalysis Today, 281, 78-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2016.06.020
  • de Cordoba, M. C. F., Matos, J., Montaña, R., Poon, P. S., Lanfredi, S., Praxedes, F. R., Hernández-Garrido, J. C., Calvino, J. J., Rodríguez-Aguado, E., Rodríguez-Castellón, E., & Ania, C. O. (2019). Sunlight photoactivity of rice husks-derived biogenic silica. Catalysis Today, 328, 125-135. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2018.12.008
  • De Gregori da Rocha, J., Santana Junior, M. B., Pier Macuvele, D. L., Riella, H. G., Ienczak, J. L., Padoin, N., & Soares, C. (2025). Uncovering engineering and mechanistic insights in green synthesis of carbon dots from rice husks. Chemical Engineering Journal, 505, 159364. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2025.159364
  • Gurkan, Y., Kasapbasi, E., Turkten, N., & Cinar, Z. (2017). Influence of Se/N Codoping on the Structural, Optical, Electronic and Photocatalytic Properties of TiO2. Molecules, 22(3), 414. http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/22/3/414
  • Hong, J., Cho, K.-H., Presser, V., & Su, X. (2022). Recent advances in wastewater treatment using semiconductor photocatalysts. Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry, 36, 100644. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsc.2022.100644
  • Hui, C., Lei, Z., Xitang, W., Shujing, L., & Zhongxing, L. (2015). Preparation of Nanoporous TiO2/SiO2 Composite with Rice Husk as Template and Its Photocatalytic Property. Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 44(7), 1607-1611. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S1875-5372(15)30101-6
  • Hung, W.-C., Chen, Y.-C., Chu, H., & Tseng, T.-K. (2008). Synthesis and characterization of TiO2 and Fe/TiO2 nanoparticles and their performance for photocatalytic degradation of 1,2-dichloroethane. Applied Surface Science, 255(5, Part 1), 2205-2213. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2008.07.079
  • Hussain, M., Aadil, M., Cochran, E. W., Zulfiqar, S., Hassan, W., Kousar, T., Somaily, H. H., & Mahmood, F. (2024). Facile synthesis of a porous sorbent derived from the rice husk biomass: A new and highly efficient material for water remediation. Inorganic Chemistry Communications, 160, 112010. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inoche.2023.112010
  • Jahantiq, A., Ghanbari, R., Panahi, A. H., Ashrafi, S. D., Khatibi, A. D., Noorabadi, E., Meshkinian, A., & Kamani, H. (2020). Photocatalytic degradation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol in aqueous solutions using synthesized Fe-doped TiO2 nanoparticles via response surface methodology. Desalination and Water Treatment, 183, 366-373. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2020.25249
  • Jayasaranya, N., Pavai, R. E., Sagadevan, S., Balu, L., & Manoharan, C. (2024). Enhanced room temperature gas sensing performance of iron-doped titanium dioxide nanocomposite. Applied Physics A, 130(8), 539. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-024-07688-0
  • Joseph, C. G., Taufiq-Yap, Y. H., Musta, B., Sarjadi, M. S., & Elilarasi, L. (2021). Application of Plasmonic Metal Nanoparticles in TiO2-SiO2 Composite as an Efficient Solar-Activated Photocatalyst: A Review Paper [Review]. Frontiers in Chemistry, Volume 8 - 2020. https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2020.568063
  • Kapridaki, C., Xynidis, N., Vazgiouraki, E., Kallithrakas-Kontos, N., & Maravelaki-Kalaitzaki, P. (2019). Characterization of Photoactive Fe-TiO2 Lime Coatings for Building Protection: The Role of Iron Content. Materials, 12(11), 1847. https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/12/11/1847
  • Komaraiah, D., Radha, E., Kalarikkal, N., Sivakumar, J., Ramana Reddy, M. V., & Sayanna, R. (2019). Structural, optical and photoluminescence studies of sol-gel synthesized pure and iron doped TiO2 photocatalysts. Ceramics International, 45(18, Part B), 25060-25068. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2019.03.170
  • Kubelka, P., & Munk, F. A. (1931). Contribution to the optics of pigments. Zeitschrift für technische Physik, 12, 593-599.
  • Li, Z., Zheng, Z., Li, H., Xu, D., Li, X., Xiang, L., & Tu, S. (2023). Review on Rice Husk Biochar as an Adsorbent for Soil and Water Remediation. Plants, 12(7), 1524. https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/7/1524
  • Liou, T.-H., & Wang, S.-Y. (2025). Utilizing rice husk for sustainable production of mesoporous titania nanocomposites with highly adsorption and photocatalysis. Biomass and Bioenergy, 199, 107950. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107950
  • Matias, M. L., Pimentel, A., Reis-Machado, A. S., Rodrigues, J., Deuermeier, J., Fortunato, E., Martins, R., & Nunes, D. (2022). Enhanced Fe-TiO2 Solar Photocatalysts on Porous Platforms for Water Purification. Nanomaterials, 12(6), 1005. https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/6/1005
  • Mohd Zaki, R. S. R., Jusoh, R., Chanakaewsomboon, I., & Setiabudi, H. D. (2024). Recent advances in metal oxide photocatalysts for photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants: A review on photocatalysts modification strategies. Materials Today: Proceedings, 107, 59-67. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2023.07.102
  • Onu, C. E., Ohale, P. E., Obiora-Okafo, I. A., Asadu, C. O., Okoye, C. C., Ojukwu, E. V., & Ezennajiego, E. E. (2022). Application of Rice Husk-Based Biomaterial in Textile Wastewater Treatment. In S. S. Muthu & A. Khadir (Eds.), Textile Wastewater Treatment: Sustainable Bio-nano Materials and Macromolecules, Volume 2 (pp. 231-250). Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2852-9_12
  • Prabha, S., Durgalakshmi, D., Rajendran, S., & Lichtfouse, E. (2021). Plant-derived silica nanoparticles and composites for biosensors, bioimaging, drug delivery and supercapacitors: a review. Environmental Chemistry Letters, 19(2), 1667-1691. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-020-01123-5
  • Rangarajan, G., Jayaseelan, A., & Farnood, R. (2022). Photocatalytic reactive oxygen species generation and their mechanisms of action in pollutant removal with biochar supported photocatalysts: A review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 346, 131155. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.131155
  • San, N., Hatipoǧlu, A., Koçtürk, G., & Çınar, Z. (2001). Prediction of primary intermediates and the photodegradation kinetics of 3-aminophenol in aqueous TiO2 suspensions. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 139(2–3), 225-232. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1010-6030(01)00368-9
  • San, N., Hatipoğlu, A., Koçtürk, G., & Çınar, Z. (2002). Photocatalytic degradation of 4-nitrophenol in aqueous TiO2 suspensions: Theoretical prediction of the intermediates. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 146(3), 189-197. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1010-6030(01)00620-7
  • Scherrer, P. (1918). Estimation of the size and internal structure of colloidal particles by means of röntgen. Nachrichten von der Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, 2, 96–100.
  • Sing, K. S. W. (1985). Reporting physisorption data for gas/solid systems with special reference to the determination of surface area and porosity (Recommendations 1984). In Pure and Applied Chemistry (Vol. 57, pp. 603).
  • Suhot, M. A., Hassan, M. Z., Aziz, S. a. A., & Md Daud, M. Y. (2021). Recent Progress of Rice Husk Reinforced Polymer Composites: A Review. Polymers, 13(15), 2391. https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/15/2391
  • Sujanto, R. Y., Herrera, S. G. M., & Negash, Y. T. (2024). Enhancing environmental sustainability in a Circular Waste Bioeconomy: A hierarchical framework driven by operational efficiency and agro-energy management. Cleaner and Circular Bioeconomy, 9, 100115. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clcb.2024.100115
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DEMİR İYONLARI KATKILI BİYO-ATIK İÇERİKLİ TiO2 NANO TANECİKLERİ: YAPISAL, MORFOLOJİK VE OPTİKSEL KARAKTERİZASYONU

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 29 Sayı: 1, 420 - 429, 03.03.2026

Nazlı Türkten , Yunus Karataş , Zekiye Cinar

https://doi.org/10.17780/ksujes.1728400
https://izlik.org/JA43FB53LA

Öz

Bu çalışmada, pirinç kabuğu (RH) kullanılması ile düşük maliyetli ve etkili bir demir katkılı fotokatalizörün su arıtımında kullanılması için kolay bir yöntemle sentezi konusu vurgulanmıştır. RH sadece bir şablon olarak kullanılmamış, aynı zamanda çoklu bir katkılandırma kaynağı olarak da demir iyonları içeren biyo-atık içerikli TiO2 nano taneciklerinin (RH-Fe-TiO2) hazırlanmasında kullanılmıştır. RH-Fe-TiO2 örneğinin hazırlanmasında tarımsal atık olan RH ile sol-jel yöntemi ve ardından ıslak emdirme yöntemi kullanılarak demir katkılandırılması sağlanmıştır. XRD analiz sonuçları, RH-Fe-TiO2 nano taneciklerinin başlıca anataz fazı ve eser miktarda rutil TiO2 fazı içeren bir faz karışımından oluştuğunu göstermiştir. SEM-EDAX ve XPS analizleri ile şablonunun uzaklaştırılması ve demir katkısının varlığı doğrulandı. FTIR analizi ile RH’den gelen silikonun ve katkılandırma işleminden oluşan demir iyonlarının varlığı kanıtlanmıştır. RH-Fe-TiO2 numunesinin morfolojisi, şablonunun uzaklaşması sonucunda oluşan çatlaklar içeren lifli ve lamelli bir yapı göstermiştir. Demir ile katkılandırma işlemi sonucunda, band boşluğu azalmış ve spektrumda kırmızıya doğru bir kayma gözlenmiştir. Fotokatalizörün BET yüzey alanı 47 m2/g olarak bulunmuştur. RH-Fe-TiO2 katalizörü, 4-nitrofenolün (4-NP) %41'ini 120 dakikada giderebilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

4-Nitrofenol biyo-şablon biyo-atık demir katkılandırma pirinç kapçığı fotokataliz.

Kaynakça

  • Banu Yener, H., & Helvacı, Ş. Ş. (2015). Effect of synthesis temperature on the structural properties and photocatalytic activity of TiO2/SiO2 composites synthesized using rice husk ash as a SiO2 source. Separation and Purification Technology, 140, 84-93. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2014.11.013
  • Bibi, A., Bibi, S., Abu-Dieyeh, M., & Al-Ghouti, M. A. (2023). Towards sustainable physiochemical and biological techniques for the remediation of phenol from wastewater: A review on current applications and removal mechanisms. Journal of Cleaner Production, 417, 137810. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.137810
  • Birben, N. C., Uyguner-Demirel, C. S., Kavurmaci, S. S., Gürkan, Y. Y., Turkten, N., Cinar, Z., & Bekbolet, M. (2017). Application of Fe-doped TiO2 specimens for the solar photocatalytic degradation of humic acid. Catalysis Today, 281, 78-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2016.06.020
  • de Cordoba, M. C. F., Matos, J., Montaña, R., Poon, P. S., Lanfredi, S., Praxedes, F. R., Hernández-Garrido, J. C., Calvino, J. J., Rodríguez-Aguado, E., Rodríguez-Castellón, E., & Ania, C. O. (2019). Sunlight photoactivity of rice husks-derived biogenic silica. Catalysis Today, 328, 125-135. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2018.12.008
  • De Gregori da Rocha, J., Santana Junior, M. B., Pier Macuvele, D. L., Riella, H. G., Ienczak, J. L., Padoin, N., & Soares, C. (2025). Uncovering engineering and mechanistic insights in green synthesis of carbon dots from rice husks. Chemical Engineering Journal, 505, 159364. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2025.159364
  • Gurkan, Y., Kasapbasi, E., Turkten, N., & Cinar, Z. (2017). Influence of Se/N Codoping on the Structural, Optical, Electronic and Photocatalytic Properties of TiO2. Molecules, 22(3), 414. http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/22/3/414
  • Hong, J., Cho, K.-H., Presser, V., & Su, X. (2022). Recent advances in wastewater treatment using semiconductor photocatalysts. Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry, 36, 100644. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsc.2022.100644
  • Hui, C., Lei, Z., Xitang, W., Shujing, L., & Zhongxing, L. (2015). Preparation of Nanoporous TiO2/SiO2 Composite with Rice Husk as Template and Its Photocatalytic Property. Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 44(7), 1607-1611. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S1875-5372(15)30101-6
  • Hung, W.-C., Chen, Y.-C., Chu, H., & Tseng, T.-K. (2008). Synthesis and characterization of TiO2 and Fe/TiO2 nanoparticles and their performance for photocatalytic degradation of 1,2-dichloroethane. Applied Surface Science, 255(5, Part 1), 2205-2213. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2008.07.079
  • Hussain, M., Aadil, M., Cochran, E. W., Zulfiqar, S., Hassan, W., Kousar, T., Somaily, H. H., & Mahmood, F. (2024). Facile synthesis of a porous sorbent derived from the rice husk biomass: A new and highly efficient material for water remediation. Inorganic Chemistry Communications, 160, 112010. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inoche.2023.112010
  • Jahantiq, A., Ghanbari, R., Panahi, A. H., Ashrafi, S. D., Khatibi, A. D., Noorabadi, E., Meshkinian, A., & Kamani, H. (2020). Photocatalytic degradation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol in aqueous solutions using synthesized Fe-doped TiO2 nanoparticles via response surface methodology. Desalination and Water Treatment, 183, 366-373. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2020.25249
  • Jayasaranya, N., Pavai, R. E., Sagadevan, S., Balu, L., & Manoharan, C. (2024). Enhanced room temperature gas sensing performance of iron-doped titanium dioxide nanocomposite. Applied Physics A, 130(8), 539. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-024-07688-0
  • Joseph, C. G., Taufiq-Yap, Y. H., Musta, B., Sarjadi, M. S., & Elilarasi, L. (2021). Application of Plasmonic Metal Nanoparticles in TiO2-SiO2 Composite as an Efficient Solar-Activated Photocatalyst: A Review Paper [Review]. Frontiers in Chemistry, Volume 8 - 2020. https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2020.568063
  • Kapridaki, C., Xynidis, N., Vazgiouraki, E., Kallithrakas-Kontos, N., & Maravelaki-Kalaitzaki, P. (2019). Characterization of Photoactive Fe-TiO2 Lime Coatings for Building Protection: The Role of Iron Content. Materials, 12(11), 1847. https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/12/11/1847
  • Komaraiah, D., Radha, E., Kalarikkal, N., Sivakumar, J., Ramana Reddy, M. V., & Sayanna, R. (2019). Structural, optical and photoluminescence studies of sol-gel synthesized pure and iron doped TiO2 photocatalysts. Ceramics International, 45(18, Part B), 25060-25068. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2019.03.170
  • Kubelka, P., & Munk, F. A. (1931). Contribution to the optics of pigments. Zeitschrift für technische Physik, 12, 593-599.
  • Li, Z., Zheng, Z., Li, H., Xu, D., Li, X., Xiang, L., & Tu, S. (2023). Review on Rice Husk Biochar as an Adsorbent for Soil and Water Remediation. Plants, 12(7), 1524. https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/7/1524
  • Liou, T.-H., & Wang, S.-Y. (2025). Utilizing rice husk for sustainable production of mesoporous titania nanocomposites with highly adsorption and photocatalysis. Biomass and Bioenergy, 199, 107950. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107950
  • Matias, M. L., Pimentel, A., Reis-Machado, A. S., Rodrigues, J., Deuermeier, J., Fortunato, E., Martins, R., & Nunes, D. (2022). Enhanced Fe-TiO2 Solar Photocatalysts on Porous Platforms for Water Purification. Nanomaterials, 12(6), 1005. https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/6/1005
  • Mohd Zaki, R. S. R., Jusoh, R., Chanakaewsomboon, I., & Setiabudi, H. D. (2024). Recent advances in metal oxide photocatalysts for photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants: A review on photocatalysts modification strategies. Materials Today: Proceedings, 107, 59-67. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2023.07.102
  • Onu, C. E., Ohale, P. E., Obiora-Okafo, I. A., Asadu, C. O., Okoye, C. C., Ojukwu, E. V., & Ezennajiego, E. E. (2022). Application of Rice Husk-Based Biomaterial in Textile Wastewater Treatment. In S. S. Muthu & A. Khadir (Eds.), Textile Wastewater Treatment: Sustainable Bio-nano Materials and Macromolecules, Volume 2 (pp. 231-250). Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2852-9_12
  • Prabha, S., Durgalakshmi, D., Rajendran, S., & Lichtfouse, E. (2021). Plant-derived silica nanoparticles and composites for biosensors, bioimaging, drug delivery and supercapacitors: a review. Environmental Chemistry Letters, 19(2), 1667-1691. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-020-01123-5
  • Rangarajan, G., Jayaseelan, A., & Farnood, R. (2022). Photocatalytic reactive oxygen species generation and their mechanisms of action in pollutant removal with biochar supported photocatalysts: A review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 346, 131155. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.131155
  • San, N., Hatipoǧlu, A., Koçtürk, G., & Çınar, Z. (2001). Prediction of primary intermediates and the photodegradation kinetics of 3-aminophenol in aqueous TiO2 suspensions. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 139(2–3), 225-232. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1010-6030(01)00368-9
  • San, N., Hatipoğlu, A., Koçtürk, G., & Çınar, Z. (2002). Photocatalytic degradation of 4-nitrophenol in aqueous TiO2 suspensions: Theoretical prediction of the intermediates. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 146(3), 189-197. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1010-6030(01)00620-7
  • Scherrer, P. (1918). Estimation of the size and internal structure of colloidal particles by means of röntgen. Nachrichten von der Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, 2, 96–100.
  • Sing, K. S. W. (1985). Reporting physisorption data for gas/solid systems with special reference to the determination of surface area and porosity (Recommendations 1984). In Pure and Applied Chemistry (Vol. 57, pp. 603).
  • Suhot, M. A., Hassan, M. Z., Aziz, S. a. A., & Md Daud, M. Y. (2021). Recent Progress of Rice Husk Reinforced Polymer Composites: A Review. Polymers, 13(15), 2391. https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/15/2391
  • Sujanto, R. Y., Herrera, S. G. M., & Negash, Y. T. (2024). Enhancing environmental sustainability in a Circular Waste Bioeconomy: A hierarchical framework driven by operational efficiency and agro-energy management. Cleaner and Circular Bioeconomy, 9, 100115. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clcb.2024.100115
  • Sun, J., Mu, Q., Kimura, H., Murugadoss, V., He, M., Du, W., & Hou, C. (2022). Oxidative degradation of phenols and substituted phenols in the water and atmosphere: a review. Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials, 5(2), 627-640. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42114-022-00435-0
  • Thuan, D. V., Chu, T. T. H., Thanh, H. D. T., Le, M. V., Ngo, H. L., Le, C. L., & Thi, H. P. (2023). Adsorption and photodegradation of micropollutant in wastewater by photocatalyst TiO2/rice husk biochar. Environmental Research, 236, 116789. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2023.116789
  • Turkten, N., Karatas, B., Karatas, Y., Cinar, Z., & Bekbolet, M. (2023). A facile synthesis of bio-inspired hierarchical microstructure TiO2: Characterization and photocatalytic activity. Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy, 42(3), e14054. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/ep.14054
  • Türkten, N., & Uyguner Demirel, C. S. (2020). Photocatalytic Activity of in-situ Fe-Doped TiO2 for Natural Organic Matter Removal [Organİk madde gİderİmİ İÇİn eŞ anli (in-situ) fe-katkili tİo2’nİn fookatalİtİk aktİvİtesİ]. Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi, 8(3), 664-670. https://doi.org/10.21923/jesd.672750
  • Wang, W., Chen, H., Fang, J., & Lai, M. (2019). Large-scale preparation of rice-husk-derived mesoporous SiO2@TiO2 as efficient and promising photocatalysts for organic contaminants degradation. Applied Surface Science, 467-468, 1187-1194. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.10.275 Yadav, V., & Shrotriya, S. (2024). Waste-to-Wealth. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003327646
  • Yalçın, Y., Kılıç, M., & Çınar, Z. (2010). Fe+3-doped TiO2: A combined experimental and computational approach to the evaluation of visible light activity. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 99(3-4), 469-477. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2010.05.013
  • Zhaohui, H., Hui, C., Lei, Z., Xuan, H., Weixin, L., Wei, F., & Guanghui, W. (2018). Biogenic Hierarchical MIL-125/TiO2@SiO2 Derived from Rice Husk and Enhanced Photocatalytic Properties for Dye Degradation. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 94(3), 512-520. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/php.12873
  • Zia, J., & Riaz, U. (2021). Photocatalytic degradation of water pollutants using conducting polymer-based nanohybrids: A review on recent trends and future prospects. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 340, 117162. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117162
Toplam 37 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Çevre Kirliliği ve Önlenmesi, Küresel Çevre Mühendisliği, Atıksu Arıtma Süreçleri
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Nazlı Türkten 0000-0001-9343-3697

Yunus Karataş 0000-0002-3826-463X

Zekiye Cinar 0009-0008-0377-6126

Gönderilme Tarihi 27 Haziran 2025
Kabul Tarihi 26 Temmuz 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 3 Mart 2026
DOI https://doi.org/10.17780/ksujes.1728400
IZ https://izlik.org/JA43FB53LA
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2026 Cilt: 29 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Türkten, N., Karataş, Y., & Cinar, Z. (2026). BIOWASTE TEMPLATED TiO2 NANOPARTICLES DOPED WITH IRON IONS: STRUCTURAL, MORPHOLOGICAL, AND OPTICAL CHARACTERIZATION. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 29(1), 420-429. https://doi.org/10.17780/ksujes.1728400