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Erratum: MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF WASTE GLASS FIBER POWDER REINFORCED MELAMINE COMPOSITES

Year 2025, Volume: 28 Issue: 4, 2188 - 2195, 03.12.2025

Hayriye Hale Aygün

The original article was published on June 3, 2020. http://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ksujes/article/673020

Erratum Note

Bu makalede yazar kurumu bilgisi hatalı olarak belirtilmiştir. Yazarın kurum bilgisi düzeltilmiştir. Makalenin bilimsel içeriğinde herhangi bir değişiklik yapılmamıştır.

Abstract

Glass fiber is the most popular reinforcement material for improving mechanical properties of composites. While tranforming glass fiber filaments to chopped ones, too many waste glass fiber exists. This paper deals with waste glass fiber usage in composites with melamin matris. Tensile strength behaviour, bending resistance, specific gravity and impact resistance of samples were analysed. Results showed that homogenity of composite mixture was very important in characteristics of end products. Increase in specific gravity was negligible because reinforcing material, namely waste glass fiber, was less sensitive than melamine thermoset to hot pressing method. Thereto, waste glass fiber reinforcement enhanced the tensile resistance and impact strength up to 30% and 20%, respectively. Addition of glass fiber waste lead to a sharp decrease in bending resistance, approximately 50%.

Keywords

waste glass fiber composite melamine mechanical properties

Project Number

2011/7-10YLS

References

  • Agarwall, B. D., Bioutman, L. J., & Chandrashekhara, K. (2006). Analysis and performance of fiber composites. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
  • ASTM D792, Standard test methods for density and specific gravity (relative density) of plastics by displacement
  • ASTM D3039, Standard test method for tensile properties of polymer matrix composite materials
  • Bhaskar, V. V. & Srinivas, K. (2017) Mechanical characterization of glass fiber (woven roving/chopped strand mat E-glass fiber) reinforced polyester composites. AIP Conference Proceedings. doi: 10.1063/1.4990261.
  • Bhatti, A. R., & Farries, P. M. (2000). Carbon/Carbon, Cement and Ceramic Matrix Composites. In: Warren, R. (Eds), Comprehensive Composite Materials. (4th ed). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Biswas, S., Deo, B., Patnaik, A. & Satapathy, A. (2011) Effect of fiber loading and orientation on mechanical and erosion wear behaviors of glass– epoxy composites. Polymer Composites. 32, 665-674.
  • Callister, W. D. (2006). Materials science and engineering: an introduction. (7th ed). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Gibbons, J. H. (1988). Polymer matrix composites in advanced materials by design. Washington: U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment.
  • Harper, C. A. (2002). Handbook of plastics, elastomers and composites. New York: McGraw Hill.
  • Hull, D., & Clyne, T. W. (1996). An introduction to composite materials. (2nd ed). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • ISO 178, Standard Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials
  • ISO 180, Plastics - Determination of izod impact strength
  • Ku, H., Epaarachchi, J., Trada, M., & Wong, P. (2013). Modelling of tensile properties glass powder/epoxy composites post-cured in an oven and in microwaves. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 32(10), 689–699.
  • Ku, H., Trade, M., Nixon, R., & Wong, P. (2010). Flexural properties of phenolic resin reinforced with glass powder: preliminary results. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 116 (1), 347–354.
  • Ku, H., Wong, P., Huang, J., Fung, H., & Trada, M. (2011). Tensile tests of glass powder reinforced epoxy composites: pilot study. Advanced Materials Research. 214, 1–5.
  • Ku, H., Wong, P., Huang, J., Fung, H., & Trada, M. (2012). Flexural properties of epoxy composites filled with glass powder: preliminary results. Advanced Materials Research, 410, 309–312.
  • Kusaseh,N. M., Nuruzzaman, D. M., Ismail, N. M., Hamedon, Z., Azhari, A., & Iqbal, A. K. M. A. (2018). Flexure and impact properties of glass fiber reinforced nylon 6-polypropylene composites. IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering. doi:10.1088/1757-899X/319/1/012045
  • Lee, J., Park, S. B., Lee, J. S., Kim, J. W. (2017) Improvement in mechanical properties of glass fiber fabric/PVC composites with chopped glass fibers and coupling agent. Materials Research Express, 4 (7), 075303.
  • Mallick, P. K. (1993). Fiber Reinforced Composites: Materials, Manufacturing and Design. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc.
  • Nayak, S. Y., Heckadka, S. S., Thomas, L. G. & Baby, A. (2018) Tensile and Flexural Properties of Chopped Strand E-glass Fibre Mat Reinforced CNSL-Epoxy Composites. MATEC Web of Conferences, 144(4), 02025.
  • Nuruzzaman, D. M., Iqbal, A. K. M. A., Oumer, A. N., Ismail, N. M. & Basri, S. (2016). Experimental investigation on the mechanical properties of glass fiber reinforced nylon. IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 114, 1-7.
  • Omid, T., Venus, M. M., Sharafeddin, F. & Ashgar, A. A. (2012). Effect of glass fiber length on flexural strength of fiber-reinforced composite resin. World Journal of Dentistry. 3, 131-135.
  • Philips, L. N. (1989). Design with advanced composite materials. London: Springer Verlag.
  • Pizzi, A. (1994). Advanced wood adhesives technology. New York: Marcel Dekker.
  • Ripperger, W. (2005). Process for the Production of High Purity Melamine From Urea. US 6,858,730
  • Rosato, D. V. (1997). Designing with reinforced composites: technology, performance, economics. Munich: Hanser Verlag.
  • Sonsakul, K. & Boongsood, W. (2017). Effects of glass scraps powder and glass fiber on mechanical properties of polyester composites. IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 273 (2017), 012006.
  • Soy, U. (2009). Metal Matrix Composite Materials. Technical Education Faculty of Sakarya University, Metal Education Department, Lecture Notes, Sakarya. Şahin, Y. (2000). Introduction to composite materials. (1st ed). Ankara: Gazi.
  • Trantina, G., & Mimmer, R. (1993). Structural analysis of thermoplastic components. New York: McGraw Hill.
  • Ulcay, Y., Gemci, R., & Akyol, M. (2002). Examining the effect of different cure methods on interfacial strength of fiber reinforced polymer matrix. Journal of Uludag University Engineering and Architecture. 7 (1), 93-116.
  • Valasek, P. & Müller, M. (2013) Polymeric composite based on glass powder - Usage possibilities in agrocomplex. Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica. 44(2), 107-112.
  • Wallenberger, F. T, Watson, J. C, & Li, H. (2001). Glass Fibers. In: Donaldson, S. L., & Miracle, D. B. (Eds), Composites, (pp 27-34). Novelty: ASM International Park.

Erratum:

Year 2025, Volume: 28 Issue: 4, 2188 - 2195, 03.12.2025

Hayriye Hale Aygün

The original article was published on June 3, 2020. http://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ksujes/article/673020

Erratum Note

The author’s institutional affiliation was incorrectly stated in this article. The author’s affiliation has been corrected. No changes have been made to the scientific content of the article.

Abstract

Supporting Institution

KSU

Project Number

2011/7-10YLS

Thanks

Author would like to express very great appreciation to managers and stuff of Özgül Melamin Inc. Co. and Cam Elyaf Inc. Co. for their assistance.

References

  • Agarwall, B. D., Bioutman, L. J., & Chandrashekhara, K. (2006). Analysis and performance of fiber composites. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
  • ASTM D792, Standard test methods for density and specific gravity (relative density) of plastics by displacement
  • ASTM D3039, Standard test method for tensile properties of polymer matrix composite materials
  • Bhaskar, V. V. & Srinivas, K. (2017) Mechanical characterization of glass fiber (woven roving/chopped strand mat E-glass fiber) reinforced polyester composites. AIP Conference Proceedings. doi: 10.1063/1.4990261.
  • Bhatti, A. R., & Farries, P. M. (2000). Carbon/Carbon, Cement and Ceramic Matrix Composites. In: Warren, R. (Eds), Comprehensive Composite Materials. (4th ed). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Biswas, S., Deo, B., Patnaik, A. & Satapathy, A. (2011) Effect of fiber loading and orientation on mechanical and erosion wear behaviors of glass– epoxy composites. Polymer Composites. 32, 665-674.
  • Callister, W. D. (2006). Materials science and engineering: an introduction. (7th ed). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Gibbons, J. H. (1988). Polymer matrix composites in advanced materials by design. Washington: U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment.
  • Harper, C. A. (2002). Handbook of plastics, elastomers and composites. New York: McGraw Hill.
  • Hull, D., & Clyne, T. W. (1996). An introduction to composite materials. (2nd ed). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • ISO 178, Standard Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials
  • ISO 180, Plastics - Determination of izod impact strength
  • Ku, H., Epaarachchi, J., Trada, M., & Wong, P. (2013). Modelling of tensile properties glass powder/epoxy composites post-cured in an oven and in microwaves. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 32(10), 689–699.
  • Ku, H., Trade, M., Nixon, R., & Wong, P. (2010). Flexural properties of phenolic resin reinforced with glass powder: preliminary results. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 116 (1), 347–354.
  • Ku, H., Wong, P., Huang, J., Fung, H., & Trada, M. (2011). Tensile tests of glass powder reinforced epoxy composites: pilot study. Advanced Materials Research. 214, 1–5.
  • Ku, H., Wong, P., Huang, J., Fung, H., & Trada, M. (2012). Flexural properties of epoxy composites filled with glass powder: preliminary results. Advanced Materials Research, 410, 309–312.
  • Kusaseh,N. M., Nuruzzaman, D. M., Ismail, N. M., Hamedon, Z., Azhari, A., & Iqbal, A. K. M. A. (2018). Flexure and impact properties of glass fiber reinforced nylon 6-polypropylene composites. IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering. doi:10.1088/1757-899X/319/1/012045
  • Lee, J., Park, S. B., Lee, J. S., Kim, J. W. (2017) Improvement in mechanical properties of glass fiber fabric/PVC composites with chopped glass fibers and coupling agent. Materials Research Express, 4 (7), 075303.
  • Mallick, P. K. (1993). Fiber Reinforced Composites: Materials, Manufacturing and Design. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc.
  • Nayak, S. Y., Heckadka, S. S., Thomas, L. G. & Baby, A. (2018) Tensile and Flexural Properties of Chopped Strand E-glass Fibre Mat Reinforced CNSL-Epoxy Composites. MATEC Web of Conferences, 144(4), 02025.
  • Nuruzzaman, D. M., Iqbal, A. K. M. A., Oumer, A. N., Ismail, N. M. & Basri, S. (2016). Experimental investigation on the mechanical properties of glass fiber reinforced nylon. IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 114, 1-7.
  • Omid, T., Venus, M. M., Sharafeddin, F. & Ashgar, A. A. (2012). Effect of glass fiber length on flexural strength of fiber-reinforced composite resin. World Journal of Dentistry. 3, 131-135.
  • Philips, L. N. (1989). Design with advanced composite materials. London: Springer Verlag.
  • Pizzi, A. (1994). Advanced wood adhesives technology. New York: Marcel Dekker.
  • Ripperger, W. (2005). Process for the Production of High Purity Melamine From Urea. US 6,858,730
  • Rosato, D. V. (1997). Designing with reinforced composites: technology, performance, economics. Munich: Hanser Verlag.
  • Sonsakul, K. & Boongsood, W. (2017). Effects of glass scraps powder and glass fiber on mechanical properties of polyester composites. IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 273 (2017), 012006.
  • Soy, U. (2009). Metal Matrix Composite Materials. Technical Education Faculty of Sakarya University, Metal Education Department, Lecture Notes, Sakarya. Şahin, Y. (2000). Introduction to composite materials. (1st ed). Ankara: Gazi.
  • Trantina, G., & Mimmer, R. (1993). Structural analysis of thermoplastic components. New York: McGraw Hill.
  • Ulcay, Y., Gemci, R., & Akyol, M. (2002). Examining the effect of different cure methods on interfacial strength of fiber reinforced polymer matrix. Journal of Uludag University Engineering and Architecture. 7 (1), 93-116.
  • Valasek, P. & Müller, M. (2013) Polymeric composite based on glass powder - Usage possibilities in agrocomplex. Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica. 44(2), 107-112.
  • Wallenberger, F. T, Watson, J. C, & Li, H. (2001). Glass Fibers. In: Donaldson, S. L., & Miracle, D. B. (Eds), Composites, (pp 27-34). Novelty: ASM International Park.
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Wearable Materials
Journal Section Erratum
Authors

Hayriye Hale Aygün 0000-0002-2812-8079

Project Number 2011/7-10YLS
Publication Date December 3, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 28 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Aygün, H. H. (2025). MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF WASTE GLASS FIBER POWDER REINFORCED MELAMINE COMPOSITES. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 28(4), 2188-2195.