Review

MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION AND MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE OF FRICTION STIR WELDED 7XXX ALUMINUM ALLOYS: A REVIEW

Volume: 29 Number: 3 September 3, 2026

Hasan Onur Tan ^*

Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University Journal of Engineering Sciences

TR EN

SÜRTÜNME KARIŞTIRMA KAYNAĞI İLE BİRLEŞTİRİLEN 7XXX SERİSİ ALÜMİNYUM ALAŞIMLARININ MİKROYAPISAL GELİŞİMİ VE MEKANİK PERFORMANSI: BİR DERLEME

Abstract

Yüksek mukavemetli 7XXX serisi alüminyum alaşımları, üstün mukavemet-ağırlık oranları, kırılma tokluğu ve yorulma dirençleri nedeniyle havacılık yapılarında yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Ancak bu alaşımların katılaşmayla ilgili hatalara olan duyarlılığı, geleneksel ergitme kaynak tekniklerinin etkinliğini sınırlandırmaktadır. Erime sıcaklığının altında gerçekleştirilen katı hal birleştirme yöntemi olan Sürtünme Karıştırma Kaynağı (SKK), katılaşma hatalarını bastırırken mikroyapısal kararlılığı önemli ölçüde etkileyen karmaşık termo-mekanik döngüler ortaya koyarak uygun bir alternatif sunmaktadır. Bu derleme çalışması, sürtünme karıştırma kaynağı ile birleştirilen 7XXX serisi alüminyum alaşımlarının mikroyapısal evrimini ve mekanik performansını eleştirel bir bakış açısıyla değerlendirmektedir. Çalışmada özellikle metastabil η′ (MgZn₂-esaslı) güçlendirici çökeltilerin davranışı; Ana Malzeme (BM), Isıdan Etkilenen Bölge (HAZ), Termo-Mekanik Olarak Etkilenen Bölge (TMAZ) ve Karıştırma Bölgesi (SZ) gibi karakteristik kaynak bölgeleri boyunca ayrıntılı olarak incelenmiştir. Kaynaktan kaynaklanan ısıl etkinin çökelti çözünmesi, irileşmesi ve aşırı yaşlanma üzerindeki etkisi; kaynak bölgesi yumuşaması ve bağlantı verimliliğinin gelişimiyle ilişkilendirilerek sistematik biçimde ele alınmaktadır. Ayrıca temel işlem parametrelerinin çökelti kararlılığı ve mekanik davranış üzerindeki rolü de incelenmiştir. Literatürdeki güncel bulguların bütüncül bir değerlendirmesiyle bu çalışma, kaynak heterojenliğinden sorumlu temel metalurjik mekanizmaları ortaya koymakta ve havacılık sınıfı 7XXX serisi alüminyum alaşımlarında çökelme kinetiği ile süreç optimizasyonuna ilişkin mevcut araştırma boşluklarını ve gelecekteki araştırma gereksinimlerini belirlemektedir.

Keywords

MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION AND MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE OF FRICTION STIR WELDED 7XXX ALUMINUM ALLOYS: A REVIEW

Abstract

High-strength 7XXX series aluminum alloys are extensively used in aerospace structures due to their superior strength-to-weight ratio, fracture toughness, and fatigue resistance. However, their sensitivity to solidification-related defects limits the effectiveness of conventional fusion welding techniques. Friction Stir Welding (FSW), a solid-state joining process performed below the melting temperature, provides a viable alternative by suppressing solidification defects while introducing complex thermo-mechanical cycles that significantly affect microstructural stability. This review critically evaluates the microstructural evolution and mechanical performance of friction stir welded 7XXX aluminum alloys, with particular emphasis on the behavior of metastable η′ (MgZn₂-based) strengthening precipitates across the characteristic weld regions: Base Material (BM), Heat-Affected Zone (HAZ), Thermo-Mechanically Affected Zone (TMAZ), and Stir Zone (SZ). The influence of welding-induced thermal exposure on precipitate dissolution, coarsening, and overaging is systematically discussed in relation to the development of weld-zone softening and joint efficiency. Furthermore, the role of key process parameters in controlling precipitation stability and mechanical response is examined. By integrating current findings from the literature, this study highlights the governing metallurgical mechanisms responsible for weld heterogeneity and identifies remaining research challenges associated with precipitation kinetics and process optimization in aerospace-grade 7XXX aluminum alloys.

Keywords

References

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English

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Material Design and Behaviors

Journal Section

Review

Authors

Hasan Onur Tan ^*
0000-0003-3796-9889
Türkiye

Publication Date

September 3, 2026

Submission Date

March 9, 2026

Acceptance Date

August 11, 2026

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Year 2026 Volume: 29 Number: 3

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https://izlik.org/JA58RD62YY

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APA

Tan, H. O. (2026). MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION AND MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE OF FRICTION STIR WELDED 7XXX ALUMINUM ALLOYS: A REVIEW. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 29(3), 1386-1398. https://izlik.org/JA58RD62YY

AMA

1.Tan HO. MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION AND MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE OF FRICTION STIR WELDED 7XXX ALUMINUM ALLOYS: A REVIEW. KSU J. Eng. Sci. 2026;29(3):1386-1398. https://izlik.org/JA58RD62YY

Chicago

Tan, Hasan Onur. 2026. “MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION AND MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE OF FRICTION STIR WELDED 7XXX ALUMINUM ALLOYS: A REVIEW”. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 29 (3): 1386-98. https://izlik.org/JA58RD62YY.

EndNote

Tan HO (September 1, 2026) MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION AND MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE OF FRICTION STIR WELDED 7XXX ALUMINUM ALLOYS: A REVIEW. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 29 3 1386–1398.

IEEE

[1]H. O. Tan, “MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION AND MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE OF FRICTION STIR WELDED 7XXX ALUMINUM ALLOYS: A REVIEW”, KSU J. Eng. Sci., vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 1386–1398, Sept. 2026, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA58RD62YY

ISNAD

Tan, Hasan Onur. “MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION AND MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE OF FRICTION STIR WELDED 7XXX ALUMINUM ALLOYS: A REVIEW”. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 29/3 (September 1, 2026): 1386-1398. https://izlik.org/JA58RD62YY.

JAMA

1.Tan HO. MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION AND MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE OF FRICTION STIR WELDED 7XXX ALUMINUM ALLOYS: A REVIEW. KSU J. Eng. Sci. 2026;29:1386–1398.

MLA

Tan, Hasan Onur. “MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION AND MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE OF FRICTION STIR WELDED 7XXX ALUMINUM ALLOYS: A REVIEW”. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 29, no. 3, Sept. 2026, pp. 1386-98, https://izlik.org/JA58RD62YY.

Vancouver

1.Hasan Onur Tan. MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION AND MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE OF FRICTION STIR WELDED 7XXX ALUMINUM ALLOYS: A REVIEW. KSU J. Eng. Sci. [Internet]. 2026 Sep. 1;29(3):1386-98. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA58RD62YY

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