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ANALYSIS OF SURFACE DEFECTS ON AIRPORT FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT RUNWAY SURFACE USING MULTI-CRITERIA DECISION MAKING METHOD

Year 2025, Volume: 28 Issue: 3, 1159 - 1170, 03.09.2025

Nuriye Kabakuş , Yasin Yıldırım

https://doi.org/10.17780/ksujes.1583831

Abstract

Surface defects on airport flexible pavement runway surface pose a critical problem for the durability and safety of the pavement. In this study, the main causes of surface defects on the airport flexible pavement runway surface are analysed comprehensively using SWARA method in a multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) framework. A total of 13 criteria, including traffic density, climate and environmental effects, material non-conformities, application defects, maintenance deficiencies, rolling defects, ageing of asphalt, inadequate bearing capacity, pavement dimensional defects, swelling and shrinkage effects, old pavement defects, drainage deficiencies and earth movements, were evaluated in terms of their effects on surface defects. The analysis reveals that application errors are the main cause of surface defects in pavements with the highest weight. Subsequently, inadequate bearing capacity, use of unsuitable materials, inadequate drainage and cylindering defects were ranked as the most important factors, while earth movements were found to be of relatively low importance. The findings of the study identify which factors should be prioritised to improve the long-term durability and performance of airport flexible pavements and provide strategic recommendations for sustainable and economical surface management.

Keywords

Airport flexible pavement surface defects SWARA method

References

  • Akpınar, M. (2021). Third-party logistics (3pl) provider selection using hybrid model of swara and waspas. International Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 7(3), 371-382. https://doi.org/10.29132/ijpas.972885
  • Azam, A., Alshehri, A., Alharthai, M., El-Banna, M., Yosri, A., & Beshr, A. (2023). Applications of terrestrial laser scanner in detecting pavement surface defects. Processes, 11(5), 1370. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11051370
  • Babashamsi, P., Khahro, S., Omar, H., Al-Sabaeei, A., Memon, A., Milad, A., … & Yusoff, N. (2022). Perspective of life-cycle cost analysis and risk assessment for airport pavement in delaying preventive maintenance. Sustainability, 14(5), 2905. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14052905
  • Büyükselçuk, E. Ç., & Eriş, E. (2021). Determining The Weights of Biophilic Design Parameters via SWARA Method. Kent Akademisi, 14(4), 1089-1099.
  • Chai, M., Wang, L., & Chen, T. (2023). Study on the evolution behavior of humidity fields in cement concrete pavements of a coastal airport during early stages in humid and hot areas. Materials, 16(16), 5643. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16165643
  • Devlet Hava Meydanları İşletmesi Genel Müdürlüğü Strateji Geliştirme Dairesi Başkanlığı (DHMİ). (2023). Havayolu Sektör Raporu 2023. https://www.dhmi.gov.tr/Lists/HavaYoluSektorRaporlari/Attachments/17/2023%20Y%C4%B1l%C4%B1%20Havayolu%20Sekt%C3%B6r%20Raporu.pdf/ Erişim:15.10.2024
  • Devlet Hava Meydanları İşletmesi Genel Müdürlüğü Strateji Geliştirme Dairesi Başkanlığı (DHMİ). (2025). https://www.dhmi.gov.tr/Sayfalar/Havalimani/Balikesir/GenelBilgiler.aspx Erişim:24.04.2025
  • Ghorshi Nezhad, M. R., Zolfani, S. H., Moztarzadeh, F., Zavadskas, E. K., & Bahrami, M. (2015). Planning the priority of high tech industries based on SWARA-WASPAS methodology: The case of the nanotechnology industry in Iran. Ekonomska Istraživanja, 28(1), 1111-1137.
  • Gui, Z. and Li, H. (2020). Automated defect detection and visualization for the robotic airport runway inspection. Ieee Access, 8, 76100-76107. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2986483
  • Hainin, ‪., Aziz, M., Adnan, A., Hassan, N., Jaya, R., & Liu, H. (2015). Performance of modified asphalt binder with tire rubber powder. Jurnal Teknologi, 73(4). https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v73.4288‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬
  • Hu, L., Yu, Q., Jana, C., Simic, V., & Bin-Mohsin, B. (2024). An intuitionistic fuzzy SWARA-AROMAN decision-making framework for sports event management. IEEE Access. 12, 57711-57726.
  • Irvayana, I., Astor, Y., Sihombing, A., & Sundara, A. (2022). Analysis of runways surface conditions using pavement condition index method (case study: i gusti ngurah rai international airports). RSF Conference Series Engineering and Technology, 2(2), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.31098/cset.v2i2.554 İstanbul Havalimanı Emniyet Bülteni (2019) 2019-14 Rev.01. https://www.istairport.com/media/fwvfyisd/emniyet-bulteni-2019-14.pdf Erişim:15.10.2024
  • Kersuliene, V., Zavadskas, E. K., & Turskis, Z. (2010). Selection of rational dispute resolution method by applying new step-wise weight assessment ratio analysis (SWARA). Journal of Business Economics and Management, 11(2), 243-258.
  • Keshavarz-Ghorabaee, M., Amiri, M., Zavadskas, E., Turskis, Z., & Antuchevičienė, J. (2018). An extended step-wise weight assessment ratio analysis with symmetric interval type-2 fuzzy sets for determining the subjective weights of criteria in multi-criteria decision-making problems. Symmetry, 10(4), 91. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym10040091
  • Keshavarz-Ghorabaee, M. (2021). Assessment of distribution center locations using a multi-expert subjective–objective decision-making approach. Scientific Reports, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-98698-y
  • Nagaychuk, V., Illiash, S., & Tereshchenko, T. (2018). Experience on implementation of hot in-place recycling of asphalt concrete in ukraine. Avtoshliakhovyk Ukrayiny, 28-36. https://doi.org/10.33868/0365-8392-2018-4-256-28-36
  • Perçin, S. (2019). An integrated fuzzy swara and fuzzy ad approach for outsourcing provider selection. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 30(2), 531-552. https://doi.org/10.1108/jmtm-08-2018-0247
  • Petrovych, V. and Kasai, K. (2024). Study of precipitation characteristics for calculations of surface water drainage and moisture infiltration into the soil of road subgrade. Automobile Roads and Road Construction, (115.2), 137-146. https://doi.org/10.33744/0365-8171-2024-115.2-137-146
  • Prasad, B. (2024). Case study on pavement failures & its maintenance. International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology, 12(4), 2432-2439. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.60292
  • Radović, D., & Stević, Ž. (2018). Evaluation and selection of KPI in transport using SWARA method. Transport & Logistics: The International Journal, 8(44), 60-68.
  • Rani, P., Mishra, A., Mardani, A., Cavallaro, F., Štreimikienė, D., & Khan, S. (2020). Pythagorean fuzzy swara–vikor framework for performance evaluation of solar panel selection. Sustainability, 12(10), 4278. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12104278
  • Ravi, R., Bullock, D., & Habib, A. (2020). Highway and airport runway pavement inspection using mobile lidar. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 43, 349-354. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b1-2020-349-2020
  • Rolt, J., Otto, A., & Endale, A. (2020). Common surface defects in asphalt road pavements and unexpected causes. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Transport, 173(1), 13-20. https://doi.org/10.1680/jtran.17.00088
  • Ruzgys, A., Volvaciovas, R., Ignatavicius, C., & Turskis, Z. (2014). Integrated evaluation of external wall insulation in residential buildings using SWARA-TODIM MCDM method. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 20(1), 103-110.
  • Sivil Havacılık Genel Müdürlüğü (SHGM). (2024). https://web.shgm.gov.tr/tr/havaalanlari/381-havaalanlari/ Erişim:13.10.2024
  • Sourav, A., Mahedi, M., Ceylan, H., Kim, S., Brooks, C., Peshkin, D., … & Brynick, M. (2022). Evaluation of small uncrewed aircraft systems data in airfield pavement crack detection and rating. Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2677(1), 653-668. https://doi.org/10.1177/03611981221101030
  • Stanujkic, D., Karabasevic, D., & Zavadkas, E. K. (2015). A framework for the selection of a packaging design based on the SWARA method. Inzinerine Ekonomika-Engineering Economics, 26(2), 181-187.
  • Sahu, M., Ibraheem, M., Raza, D., Bharti, A., & Kishor, C. (2023). Study of highway failure and their maintenance. International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science. 5(10), 1062-1067. https://doi.org/10.56726/irjmets45238
  • Shao, Z. (2017). Assessing the impacts of climate change on road infrastructure. International Journal of Geomate, 13(38). https://doi.org/10.21660/2017.38.72099
  • Singh, S. (2021). Analysis and evaluation of flexible pavement defects. Indian Journal of Scientific Research, 12(1), 93. https://doi.org/10.32606/ijsr.v12.i1.00017
  • TC Cumhurbaşkanlığı Strateji ve Bütçe Başkanlığı (SBB). (2019). Ulaştırma Göstergeleri. https://www.sbb.gov.tr/ulastirma-gostergeleri_04042019 / Erişim:12.10.2024
  • Wen, Z., Liao, H., Ren, R., Bai, C., Zavadskas, E., Antuchevičienė, J., … & Al-Barakati, A. (2019). Cold chain logistics management of medicine with an integrated multi-criteria decision-making method. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(23), 4843. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16234843
  • Wesołowski, M. and Iwanowski, P. (2020). Apci evaluation method for cement concrete airport pavements in the scope of air operation safety and air transport participants life. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(5), 1663. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051663
  • Yi, L., Zou, L., & Suzuki, M. (2018). Practical approach for high-resolution airport pavement inspection with the yakumo multistatic array ground-penetrating radar system. Sensors, 18(8), 2684. https://doi.org/10.3390/s18082684
  • Zhang, H., Dong, J., & Gao, Z. (2023). Automatic segmentation of airport pavement damage by am‐mask r‐cnn algorithm. Engineering Reports, 5(8). https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.12628
  • Zhong, J., Cheng, H., Gholami, H., Letchumanan, L., & Toptancı, Ş. (2023). Supply chain performance: a novel integrated decision-making model. Management Decision, 61(10), 3053-3081. https://doi.org/10.1108/md-07-2022-0961
  • Zou, L., Kikuta, K., Alani, A., & Suzuki, M. (2021). Study of wavelet entropy for airport pavement inspection using a multistatic ground-penetrating radar system. Geophysics, 86(3), WA69-WA78. https://doi.org/10.1190/geo2020-0361.1

HAVAALANI ESNEK KAPLAMALI PİST YÜZEYİNDE OLUŞAN YÜZEY KUSURLARININ ÇOK KRİTERLİ KARAR VERME YÖNTEMİ İLE ANALİZİ

Year 2025, Volume: 28 Issue: 3, 1159 - 1170, 03.09.2025

Nuriye Kabakuş , Yasin Yıldırım

https://doi.org/10.17780/ksujes.1583831

Abstract

Havaalanı esnek kaplamalı pist yüzeyinde ortaya çıkan yüzey kusurları, kaplamanın dayanıklılığı ve güvenliği için kritik bir sorun teşkil etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, havaalanı esnek kaplamalı pist yüzeyinde görülen yüzey kusurlarının temel nedenleri, çok kriterli karar verme (ÇKKV) çerçevesinde SWARA yöntemi kullanılarak kapsamlı bir şekilde analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada trafik yoğunluğu, iklim ve çevresel etkiler, malzeme uygunsuzlukları, uygulama hataları, bakım eksiklikleri, silindiraj hataları, asfaltın yaşlanması, taşıma gücü yetersizliği, üstyapı boyut hataları, şişme ve büzülme etkisi, eski kaplama kusurları, drenaj yetersizliği ve yerküre hareketleri olmak üzere toplam 13 kriter, yüzey kusurlarına olan etkileri açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Yapılan analiz, en yüksek ağırlıkla uygulama hatalarının kaplamalarda yüzey kusurlarına sebep olan başlıca neden olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Ardından, taşıma gücü yetersizliği, uygun olmayan malzeme kullanımı, drenaj yetersizliği ve silindiraj hataları en öncelikli faktörler olarak sıralanmış; yerküre hareketleri ise göreceli olarak en düşük öneme sahip bulunmuştur. Çalışmanın bulguları, havaalanı esnek kaplamaların uzun vadeli dayanıklılığını ve performansını artırmak amacıyla hangi unsurlara öncelik verilmesi gerektiğini belirlemekte ve bu doğrultuda sürdürülebilir ve ekonomik bir yüzey yönetimi için stratejik öneriler sunmaktadır.

Keywords

Havaalanı esnek kaplama yüzey kusurları SWARA yöntemi

References

  • Akpınar, M. (2021). Third-party logistics (3pl) provider selection using hybrid model of swara and waspas. International Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 7(3), 371-382. https://doi.org/10.29132/ijpas.972885
  • Azam, A., Alshehri, A., Alharthai, M., El-Banna, M., Yosri, A., & Beshr, A. (2023). Applications of terrestrial laser scanner in detecting pavement surface defects. Processes, 11(5), 1370. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11051370
  • Babashamsi, P., Khahro, S., Omar, H., Al-Sabaeei, A., Memon, A., Milad, A., … & Yusoff, N. (2022). Perspective of life-cycle cost analysis and risk assessment for airport pavement in delaying preventive maintenance. Sustainability, 14(5), 2905. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14052905
  • Büyükselçuk, E. Ç., & Eriş, E. (2021). Determining The Weights of Biophilic Design Parameters via SWARA Method. Kent Akademisi, 14(4), 1089-1099.
  • Chai, M., Wang, L., & Chen, T. (2023). Study on the evolution behavior of humidity fields in cement concrete pavements of a coastal airport during early stages in humid and hot areas. Materials, 16(16), 5643. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16165643
  • Devlet Hava Meydanları İşletmesi Genel Müdürlüğü Strateji Geliştirme Dairesi Başkanlığı (DHMİ). (2023). Havayolu Sektör Raporu 2023. https://www.dhmi.gov.tr/Lists/HavaYoluSektorRaporlari/Attachments/17/2023%20Y%C4%B1l%C4%B1%20Havayolu%20Sekt%C3%B6r%20Raporu.pdf/ Erişim:15.10.2024
  • Devlet Hava Meydanları İşletmesi Genel Müdürlüğü Strateji Geliştirme Dairesi Başkanlığı (DHMİ). (2025). https://www.dhmi.gov.tr/Sayfalar/Havalimani/Balikesir/GenelBilgiler.aspx Erişim:24.04.2025
  • Ghorshi Nezhad, M. R., Zolfani, S. H., Moztarzadeh, F., Zavadskas, E. K., & Bahrami, M. (2015). Planning the priority of high tech industries based on SWARA-WASPAS methodology: The case of the nanotechnology industry in Iran. Ekonomska Istraživanja, 28(1), 1111-1137.
  • Gui, Z. and Li, H. (2020). Automated defect detection and visualization for the robotic airport runway inspection. Ieee Access, 8, 76100-76107. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2986483
  • Hainin, ‪., Aziz, M., Adnan, A., Hassan, N., Jaya, R., & Liu, H. (2015). Performance of modified asphalt binder with tire rubber powder. Jurnal Teknologi, 73(4). https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v73.4288‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬
  • Hu, L., Yu, Q., Jana, C., Simic, V., & Bin-Mohsin, B. (2024). An intuitionistic fuzzy SWARA-AROMAN decision-making framework for sports event management. IEEE Access. 12, 57711-57726.
  • Irvayana, I., Astor, Y., Sihombing, A., & Sundara, A. (2022). Analysis of runways surface conditions using pavement condition index method (case study: i gusti ngurah rai international airports). RSF Conference Series Engineering and Technology, 2(2), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.31098/cset.v2i2.554 İstanbul Havalimanı Emniyet Bülteni (2019) 2019-14 Rev.01. https://www.istairport.com/media/fwvfyisd/emniyet-bulteni-2019-14.pdf Erişim:15.10.2024
  • Kersuliene, V., Zavadskas, E. K., & Turskis, Z. (2010). Selection of rational dispute resolution method by applying new step-wise weight assessment ratio analysis (SWARA). Journal of Business Economics and Management, 11(2), 243-258.
  • Keshavarz-Ghorabaee, M., Amiri, M., Zavadskas, E., Turskis, Z., & Antuchevičienė, J. (2018). An extended step-wise weight assessment ratio analysis with symmetric interval type-2 fuzzy sets for determining the subjective weights of criteria in multi-criteria decision-making problems. Symmetry, 10(4), 91. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym10040091
  • Keshavarz-Ghorabaee, M. (2021). Assessment of distribution center locations using a multi-expert subjective–objective decision-making approach. Scientific Reports, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-98698-y
  • Nagaychuk, V., Illiash, S., & Tereshchenko, T. (2018). Experience on implementation of hot in-place recycling of asphalt concrete in ukraine. Avtoshliakhovyk Ukrayiny, 28-36. https://doi.org/10.33868/0365-8392-2018-4-256-28-36
  • Perçin, S. (2019). An integrated fuzzy swara and fuzzy ad approach for outsourcing provider selection. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 30(2), 531-552. https://doi.org/10.1108/jmtm-08-2018-0247
  • Petrovych, V. and Kasai, K. (2024). Study of precipitation characteristics for calculations of surface water drainage and moisture infiltration into the soil of road subgrade. Automobile Roads and Road Construction, (115.2), 137-146. https://doi.org/10.33744/0365-8171-2024-115.2-137-146
  • Prasad, B. (2024). Case study on pavement failures & its maintenance. International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology, 12(4), 2432-2439. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.60292
  • Radović, D., & Stević, Ž. (2018). Evaluation and selection of KPI in transport using SWARA method. Transport & Logistics: The International Journal, 8(44), 60-68.
  • Rani, P., Mishra, A., Mardani, A., Cavallaro, F., Štreimikienė, D., & Khan, S. (2020). Pythagorean fuzzy swara–vikor framework for performance evaluation of solar panel selection. Sustainability, 12(10), 4278. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12104278
  • Ravi, R., Bullock, D., & Habib, A. (2020). Highway and airport runway pavement inspection using mobile lidar. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 43, 349-354. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b1-2020-349-2020
  • Rolt, J., Otto, A., & Endale, A. (2020). Common surface defects in asphalt road pavements and unexpected causes. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Transport, 173(1), 13-20. https://doi.org/10.1680/jtran.17.00088
  • Ruzgys, A., Volvaciovas, R., Ignatavicius, C., & Turskis, Z. (2014). Integrated evaluation of external wall insulation in residential buildings using SWARA-TODIM MCDM method. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 20(1), 103-110.
  • Sivil Havacılık Genel Müdürlüğü (SHGM). (2024). https://web.shgm.gov.tr/tr/havaalanlari/381-havaalanlari/ Erişim:13.10.2024
  • Sourav, A., Mahedi, M., Ceylan, H., Kim, S., Brooks, C., Peshkin, D., … & Brynick, M. (2022). Evaluation of small uncrewed aircraft systems data in airfield pavement crack detection and rating. Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2677(1), 653-668. https://doi.org/10.1177/03611981221101030
  • Stanujkic, D., Karabasevic, D., & Zavadkas, E. K. (2015). A framework for the selection of a packaging design based on the SWARA method. Inzinerine Ekonomika-Engineering Economics, 26(2), 181-187.
  • Sahu, M., Ibraheem, M., Raza, D., Bharti, A., & Kishor, C. (2023). Study of highway failure and their maintenance. International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science. 5(10), 1062-1067. https://doi.org/10.56726/irjmets45238
  • Shao, Z. (2017). Assessing the impacts of climate change on road infrastructure. International Journal of Geomate, 13(38). https://doi.org/10.21660/2017.38.72099
  • Singh, S. (2021). Analysis and evaluation of flexible pavement defects. Indian Journal of Scientific Research, 12(1), 93. https://doi.org/10.32606/ijsr.v12.i1.00017
  • TC Cumhurbaşkanlığı Strateji ve Bütçe Başkanlığı (SBB). (2019). Ulaştırma Göstergeleri. https://www.sbb.gov.tr/ulastirma-gostergeleri_04042019 / Erişim:12.10.2024
  • Wen, Z., Liao, H., Ren, R., Bai, C., Zavadskas, E., Antuchevičienė, J., … & Al-Barakati, A. (2019). Cold chain logistics management of medicine with an integrated multi-criteria decision-making method. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(23), 4843. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16234843
  • Wesołowski, M. and Iwanowski, P. (2020). Apci evaluation method for cement concrete airport pavements in the scope of air operation safety and air transport participants life. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(5), 1663. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051663
  • Yi, L., Zou, L., & Suzuki, M. (2018). Practical approach for high-resolution airport pavement inspection with the yakumo multistatic array ground-penetrating radar system. Sensors, 18(8), 2684. https://doi.org/10.3390/s18082684
  • Zhang, H., Dong, J., & Gao, Z. (2023). Automatic segmentation of airport pavement damage by am‐mask r‐cnn algorithm. Engineering Reports, 5(8). https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.12628
  • Zhong, J., Cheng, H., Gholami, H., Letchumanan, L., & Toptancı, Ş. (2023). Supply chain performance: a novel integrated decision-making model. Management Decision, 61(10), 3053-3081. https://doi.org/10.1108/md-07-2022-0961
  • Zou, L., Kikuta, K., Alani, A., & Suzuki, M. (2021). Study of wavelet entropy for airport pavement inspection using a multistatic ground-penetrating radar system. Geophysics, 86(3), WA69-WA78. https://doi.org/10.1190/geo2020-0361.1
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Transportation Engineering
Journal Section Civil Engineering
Authors

Nuriye Kabakuş 0000-0002-8479-6733

Yasin Yıldırım 0009-0003-0170-5547

Publication Date September 3, 2025
Submission Date November 12, 2024
Acceptance Date July 10, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 28 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Kabakuş, N., & Yıldırım, Y. (2025). HAVAALANI ESNEK KAPLAMALI PİST YÜZEYİNDE OLUŞAN YÜZEY KUSURLARININ ÇOK KRİTERLİ KARAR VERME YÖNTEMİ İLE ANALİZİ. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 28(3), 1159-1170. https://doi.org/10.17780/ksujes.1583831
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