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SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF THE MUNICIPAL BIOWASTES

Year 2024, , 1557 - 1570, 03.12.2024

Süreyya Altın

https://doi.org/10.17780/ksujes.1497485

Abstract

Municipal waste management is a major component of sustainable environment and global climate change. Municipal waste includes in rate of 30-65 biowaste. According to directives of EU, will be allow only 10% of municipal waste go to landfill by 2035. However, municipal biowaste management contains serious social and economic challenges for all country, especially developing country. Biowaste generation may be reduced by training of people about prevent food waste and economical incentives as "pay as you throw". Thus, natural resources can be protected and the greenhouse effect resulting from the food production process can be reduced by 15-22%. Quality and marketable fertilizer is obtained by composting of separately collected biowaste. CH4 emissions generated in the composting are 1-4% of the initial carbon. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is carbon-neutral process and considered a renewable energy source. Methane volume obtained from AD is more 5 times than gas capture landfill. In this study, available information on biowaste management strategies and approaches was compiled from prior studies. Thus, biowaste management alternatives were defined and their advantages and disadvantages were explained. Sustainable biowaste management contributes to the conservation of natural resources and reducing the carbon footprint of biowaste. Moreover, the material cycle is also completed

Keywords

Anaerobic digestion municipal biowaste management composting home composting

References

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SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR KENTSEL BİYOATIK YÖNETİMİ

Year 2024, , 1557 - 1570, 03.12.2024

Süreyya Altın

https://doi.org/10.17780/ksujes.1497485

Abstract

Kentsel atık yönetimi, sürdürülebilir çevre ve küresel iklim değişikliğinin önemli bir bileşenidir. Biyoatıklar, kentsel atıkların %30-65 gibi büyük bir yüzdesini oluşturmaktadır. AB atık çerçeve direktifinde, 2035 yılına kadar belediye atıklarının sadece %10’unun depolandığı atık yönetim planlaması istenmektedir. Ancak, kentsel biyoatık yönetimi gelişmekte olan ülkeler başta olmak üzere tüm ülkeler için ciddi sosyal ve ekonomik zorluklar içermektedir. Halkın gıda israfının önlenmesi hakkında bilinçlendirilmesi veya “attığın kadar öde” gibi maddi teşvikler biyoatığın oluşumunu azaltabilir. Böylece, doğal kaynaklar korunabilir, gıda üretim sürecinden kaynaklanan sera gazı etkisi %15-22 oranında azaltılabilir. Ayrı toplanan biyoatığı kompostlayarak iyi kalitede ve pazarlanabilir gübre üretilir. Kompostlamanın CH4 emisyonu hammadde karbonunun %1-4’ü kadar olduğundan sera gazı oluşumunu önemli oranda engeller. Anaerobik bozunma (AD) süreci, yüksek metan içeren biyogaz üreten, karbon nötr bir süreç olduğundan yenilenebilir bir enerji kaynağı olarak kabul edilir. AD prosesi kullanıldığında oluşan metan hacmi ve elde edilen enerji, gaz yakalamalı deponilere göre yaklaşık 5 kat daha fazladır. Bu çalışmada biyoatık yönetimi stratejileri ve yaklaşımlarına ilişkin mevcut bilgiler daha önce yapılan çalışmalardan derlenmiştir. Böylece belediye biyoatık yönetimi alternatifleri tanımlanarak avantaj ve dezavantajları, uygulama zorlukları, elde edilecek faydalar ortaya konmuştur. Sürdürülebilir biyoatık yönetimi, doğal kaynakların korunmasına katkı sağlar, atığın karbon ayak izi azalır ve madde döngüsü tamamlanır.

Keywords

Anaerobik bozunma (AD) kentsel biyoatık yönetimi kompost evde kompost

References

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  • Amlinger, F., Peyr, S., Cuhls, C. (2008). Green house gas emissions from composting and mechanical biological treatment. Waste Management and Research, 26;1, 47-60. DOI: 10.1177/0734242X07088432
  • Andersen, J.K., Boldrin, A., Christensen, T.H., Scheutz, C. (2011). Mass balances and life cycle inventory of home composting of organic waste. Waste Management, 31, 1934-1942. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2011.05.004
  • Andersen, J.K., Boldrin, A., Samuelsson, J., Christensen, T.H., Scheutz, C. (2010). Quantification of greenhouse gas emissions from windrow composting of garden waste. J. Environ. Qual., 39, 713-724. https://doi:10.2134/jeq2009.0329
  • Angnes, G., Nicoloso, R.S., da Silva, M.L.B., de Oliveira, P.A.V., Higarashi, M.M., Mezzari, M.P., Miller, P.R.M. (2013). Correlating denitrifying catabolic genes with N2O and N-2 emissions from swine slurry composting. Bioresource Technology, 140, 368–375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.04.112
  • Ardolino, F., Parrillo, F., Arena, U. (2018). Biowaste-to-biomethane or biowaste-to-energy? An LCA study on anaerobic digestion of organic waste. J. Clean. Prod., 174, 462-476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.10.320.
  • Ayodele, T.R., Ogunjuyigbe, A.S.O., Alao, M.A. (2018). Economic and environmental assessment of electricity generation using biogas from organic fraction of municipal solid waste for the city of Ibadan, Nigeria. Journal of Cleaner Production, 203, 718-735. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.08.282
  • Banks, C., Chesshire, M., Heaven, S. (2011). Biocycle anaerobic digester: performance and benefits. Waste and Resource Management, 164:1, 141-150. https://doi.org/10.1680/warm.2011.164.3.141
  • Beck, A., (2023). How to make compost to feed your plants and reduce waste. Better homes & gardens.Dotdash meredith. https://www.bhg.com/gardening/yard/compost/how-to-compost/Accessed 25.08.2023
  • Bokashi Organko. (2022). How long does it take to convert food in to bokashi compost. Plastika Skaza,EU https://bokashiorganko.com/bokashi-library/convert-food-into-bokashi-compost/Accessed 28.09.2023
  • Bras, I.P., Maia, S., Simoes,L.M., Rabaça, T.,Silva M.E. (2022). Selective collection of biowaste in a non-intensive urban region-Producers’ characterization. Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy, 29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scp.2022.100738.29,
  • Brown, F. (2021) Electric Composters: Sustainability Win or Another Unnecessary Appliance?. Earth911 More Ideas, Less Waste. https://earth911.com/home-garden/electric-composters-sustainability-win-or-another-unnecessary-appliance/Accessed 15.09.2023
  • Colón, J., Martínez-Blanco, J., Gabarrell, X., Artola, A., Sánchez, A., Rieradevall, J., Font, X. (2010). Environmental assessment of home composting. Resource Conservation and Recycling, 54, 893-904. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2010.01.008
  • Council of the European Communities. (1999). Council Directive 1999/31/EC of 26 April 1999 on the landfill of waste. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A31999L0031/Accessed 10.08.2023
  • Czajczyńska, D., Nannoub, T., Anguilanoc, L., Krzyżyńskaa, R., Ghazald, H., Spencere, N., Jouhara, H. (2017). Potentials of pyrolysis processes in the waste management sector. Energy Procedia, 123, 387-394. DOI: 10.1016/j. egypro.2017.07.275
  • Delzeit, R. & Kellner, U.(2013). The impact of plant size and location on profitability of biogas plants in Germany under consideration of processing digestates. Biomass Bioenergy, 52, 43-53. DOI:10.1016/j.biombioe.2013.02.029
  • Demichelis, F., Tommasi, T., Deorsola, F.A., Marchisio, D., Mancini, G., Fino, D. (2022). Life cycle assessment and life cycle costing of advanced anaerobic digestion of organic fraction municipal solid waste. Chemosphere, 289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133058
  • Di Maria, F., Sisani, F., Contini, S. (2018). Are EU waste-to-energy technologies effective for exploiting the energy in bio-waste? Applied Energy. 230, 1557-1572. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.09.007
  • ECN. (2018). Quality Manual of the European Quality Assurance Scheme for Compost and Digestate. www.compostnetwork.info/download/ecn-qasmanual/Accessed 11.09.2023
  • El-Sayed, K. (2015) Some physical and chemical properties of compost. Int. J. Waste Resour, 5, 1-5. DOI:10.4172/2252-5211.1000172
  • Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (2013) Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990–2011. http://epa.gov/climatechange/Downloads/ghgemissions/US-GHG-Inventory-2013-Main-Text.pdf/Accessed 12.08.2023
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There are 63 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Waste Management, Reduction, Reuse and Recycling
Journal Section Environmental Engineering
Authors

Süreyya Altın 0000-0002-6853-8873

Publication Date December 3, 2024
Submission Date June 7, 2024
Acceptance Date June 26, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024

Cite

APA Altın, S. (2024). SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR KENTSEL BİYOATIK YÖNETİMİ. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 27(4), 1557-1570. https://doi.org/10.17780/ksujes.1497485