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KARACİĞER TÜMÖRÜ TESPİTİ İÇİN MEANDERLİNE TABANLI MİKROŞERİT ANTEN TASARIMI

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 29 Sayı: 1, 401 - 408, 03.03.2026

Volkan Akdoğan , Fatih Özkan Alkurt

https://doi.org/10.17780/ksujes.1789667
https://izlik.org/JA36JP83EM

Öz

Bu çalışma, potansiyel karaciğer tümörü tespit uygulamaları için meanderline hattı yapısına dayalı bir mikroşerit antenin tasarımını ve analizini sunmaktadır. Önerilen anten, cilt derinliği etkisinin neden olduğu sinyal zayıflamasını en aza indirmek ve biyolojik dokulara elektromanyetik dalga penetrasyonu sağlamak için seçilen bir frekans aralığı olan 2.986 GHz rezonans frekansında çalışır. Temel parametreler, rezonans bant genişliği ve radyasyon paterni gibi önemli anten özellikleri tam dalga simülasyonları kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Tasarımın biyomedikal senaryolarda uygulanabilirliğini değerlendirmek için, serbest uzay, sağlıklı karaciğer dokusu ve tümörlü karaciğer dokusu olmak üzere üç simülasyon durumu dikkate alınmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, bir tümörün varlığının sağlıklı dokuya kıyasla yaklaşık 11,3 MHz'lik ölçülebilir bir frekans kaymasına yol açtığını göstermektedir. Bu frekans sapması, önerilen antenin doku bileşimine duyarlılığını göstermekte olup, invaziv olmayan bir teşhis aracı olarak potansiyelini açıkça ortaya koymaktadır. Gelecekteki çalışmalar, tespit doğruluğunu iyileştirmeye ve bu konsepti gerçek karaciğer tümörü teşhisi için pratik cihazlara dönüştürmeye odaklanacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Meanderline Anten Mikroşerit Anten Karaciğer Tümörü Tespiti

Kaynakça

  • Akdogan, V., Teksen, F. A., Haxha, S., & Karaaslan, M. (2025). A new perspective for early detection of bone tumour: metamaterial-based antenna solution. Plasmonics, 20(2), 1063-1072. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-024-02305-5
  • Akdoğan, V., Özkaner, V., Alkurt, F. Ö., & Karaaslan, M. (2022). Theoretical and experimental sensing of bone healing by microwave approach. International Journal of Imaging Systems and Technology, 32(6), 2255-2261. https://doi.org/10.1002/ima.22775
  • Alkurt, F. Ö., Altıntaş, O., Bakır, M., Karaaslan, M., Ünal, E., Karadağ, F., ... & Sabah, C. (2020). Microwave power imaging detector based on metamaterial absorber. Optical Engineering, 59(8), 087104-087104. https://doi.org/10.1117/1.OE.59.8.087104
  • Anwanwan, D., Singh, S. K., Singh, S., Saikam, V., & Singh, R. (2020). Challenges in liver cancer and possible treatment approaches. Biochimica et biophysica acta (BBA)-Reviews on cancer, 1873(1), 188314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbcan.2019.188314
  • Asan, N. B., Redzwan, S., Rydberg, A., Augustine, R., Noreland, D., Hassan, E., & Voigt, T. (2017, May). Human fat tissue: A microwave communication channel. In 2017 First IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Bio Conference (IMBIOC) (pp. 1-4). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/IMBIOC.2017.7965801
  • Azaro, R., Caorsi, S., & Pastorino, M. (1998). A 3‐GHz microwave imaging system based on a modulated scattering technique and on a modified Born approximation. International journal of imaging systems and technology, 9(5), 395-403. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-1098(1998)9:5%3C395::AID-IMA10%3E3.0.CO;2-U
  • Benny, R., Anjit, T. A., & Mythili, P. (2020). An overview of microwave imaging for breast tumor detection. Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, 87, 61-91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2528/PIERB20012402
  • Chandra, R., Zhou, H., Balasingham, I., & Narayanan, R. M. (2015). On the opportunities and challenges in microwave medical sensing and imaging. IEEE transactions on biomedical engineering, 62(7), 1667-1682. https://doi.org/10.1109/TBME.2015.2432137
  • Danpanichkul, P., Duangsonk, K., Kalligeros, M., Fallon, M. B., Vuthithammee, C., Pan, C. W., ... & Wijarnpreecha, K. (2025). Alcohol–Related Liver Disease, Followed by Metabolic Dysfunction–Associated Steatotic Liver Disease, Emerges as the Fastest‐Growing Aetiologies for Primary Liver Cancer in the United States. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 61(6), 959-970. https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18473
  • Debes, J. D., Romagnoli, P. A., Prieto, J., Arrese, M., Mattos, A. Z., Boonstra, A., & Escalon Consortium. (2021). Serum biomarkers for the prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancers, 13(7), 1681. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13071681
  • Hamza, M. N., Abdulkarim, Y. I., Saeed, S. R., Karaaslan, M., Alkurt, F. O., Appasani, B., ... & Nsengiyumva, P. (2024). Metamaterial-based Artificial magnetic conductor for efficient breast cancer diagnosis using a low-cost antenna array. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 28262. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-79666-8
  • Hossain, A., Islam, M. T., Beng, G. K., Kashem, S. B. A., Soliman, M. S., Misran, N., & Chowdhury, M. E. (2022). Microwave brain imaging system to detect brain tumor using metamaterial loaded stacked antenna array. Scientific reports, 12(1), 16478. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-20944-8
  • Imani, M. F., Gollub, J. N., Yurduseven, O., Diebold, A. V., Boyarsky, M., Fromenteze, T., ... & Smith, D. R. (2020). Review of metasurface antennas for computational microwave imaging. IEEE transactions on antennas and propagation, 68(3), 1860-1875. https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2020.2968795
  • Islam, M. T., Mahmud, M. Z., Islam, M. T., Kibria, S., & Samsuzzaman, M. (2019). A low cost and portable microwave imaging system for breast tumor detection using UWB directional antenna array. Scientific reports, 9(1), 15491. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-51620-z
  • Li, X., Davis, S. K., Hagness, S. C., Van der Weide, D. W., & Van Veen, B. D. (2004). Microwave imaging via space-time beamforming: Experimental investigation of tumor detection in multilayer breast phantoms. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and techniques, 52(8), 1856-1865. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2004.832686
  • Nadarevic, T., Giljaca, V., Colli, A., Fraquelli, M., Casazza, G., Miletic, D., & Štimac, D. (2021). Computed tomography for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in adults with chronic liver disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (10). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD013362.pub2
  • Naqvi, S. A. R., Manoufali, M., Mohammed, B., Mobashsher, A. T., Foong, D., & Abbosh, A. M. (2020). In vivo human skin dielectric properties characterization and statistical analysis at frequencies from 1 to 30 GHz. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 70, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIM.2020.3036767
  • Sarma, D., Asok, A. O., & Dey, S. (2024, February). Designing a Meanderline-Based Ultraminiature Low-Profile Ultrawideband Antenna for Biomedical Applications. In 2024 IEEE Wireless Antenna and Microwave Symposium (WAMS) (pp. 1-5). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/WAMS59642.2024.10528176
  • Staufer, K., & Stauber, R. E. (2023). Steatotic liver disease: metabolic dysfunction, alcohol, or both?. Biomedicines, 11(8), 2108. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11082108
  • Tekşen, F. A., Akdoğan, V., & Karaaslan, M. (2024). Revolutionizing glucose measurement: The power of microwave antennas in diabetes. Sensing and Imaging, 25(1), 58. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11220-024-00511-3
  • Wang, L. (2023). Microwave imaging and sensing techniques for breast cancer detection. Micromachines, 14(7), 1462. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14071462
  • Wang, M., Crocco, L., & Cavagnaro, M. (2021). On the design of a microwave imaging system to monitor thermal ablation of liver tumors. IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics, RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology, 5(3), 231-237. https://doi.org/10.1109/JERM.2020.3048846
  • Wang, M., Crocco, L., Costanzo, S., Scapaticci, R., & Cavagnaro, M. (2022). A compact slot-loaded antipodal vivaldi antenna for a microwave imaging system to monitor liver microwave thermal ablation. IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation, 3, 700-708. https://doi.org/10.1109/OJAP.2022.3183750
  • Wang, M., Crocco, L., & Cavagnaro, M. (2021). On the design of a microwave imaging system to monitor thermal ablation of liver tumors. IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics, RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology, 5(3), 231-237. https://doi.org/10.1109/JERM.2020.3048846
  • Younossi, Z. M., Kalligeros, M., & Henry, L. (2024). Epidemiology of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Clinical and molecular hepatology, 31(Suppl), S32. https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2024.0431
  • Zerrad, F. E., Taouzari, M., Makroum, E. M., Aoufi, J. E., Qanadli, S. D., Karaaslan, M., ... & Zakaria, Z. (2023). Microwave imaging approach for breast cancer detection using a tapered slot antenna loaded with parasitic components. Materials, 16(4), 1496. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16041496

MEANDERLINE BASED MICROSTRIP ANTENNA DESIGN FOR LIVER TUMOR DETECTION

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 29 Sayı: 1, 401 - 408, 03.03.2026

Volkan Akdoğan , Fatih Özkan Alkurt

https://doi.org/10.17780/ksujes.1789667
https://izlik.org/JA36JP83EM

Öz

This study presents the design and analysis of a microstrip antenna based on a meander line structure for potential liver tumor detection applications. The proposed antenna operates at a resonant frequency of 2.986 GHz, a frequency range selected to minimize signal attenuation caused by skin depth effect and to provide EM wave penetration into biological tissues. Important antenna characteristics such as fundamental parameters, resonant bandwidth, and radiation pattern were evaluated by using full wave simulations. To assess the feasibility of the design in biomedical scenarios, three simulation cases were considered, which are free space, healthy liver tissue, and liver tissue with a tumor. The obtained results indicate that the presence of a tumor leads to a measurable frequency shift of approximately 11.3 MHz compared to healthy tissue. This frequency deviation demonstrates the sensitivity of the proposed antenna to tissue composition, which clearly shows its potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool. Future works will focus on improving the detection accuracy and translating this concept into practical devices for real liver tumor diagnosis.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Meanderline Antenna Microstrip Antenna Liver Tumor Detection

Kaynakça

  • Akdogan, V., Teksen, F. A., Haxha, S., & Karaaslan, M. (2025). A new perspective for early detection of bone tumour: metamaterial-based antenna solution. Plasmonics, 20(2), 1063-1072. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-024-02305-5
  • Akdoğan, V., Özkaner, V., Alkurt, F. Ö., & Karaaslan, M. (2022). Theoretical and experimental sensing of bone healing by microwave approach. International Journal of Imaging Systems and Technology, 32(6), 2255-2261. https://doi.org/10.1002/ima.22775
  • Alkurt, F. Ö., Altıntaş, O., Bakır, M., Karaaslan, M., Ünal, E., Karadağ, F., ... & Sabah, C. (2020). Microwave power imaging detector based on metamaterial absorber. Optical Engineering, 59(8), 087104-087104. https://doi.org/10.1117/1.OE.59.8.087104
  • Anwanwan, D., Singh, S. K., Singh, S., Saikam, V., & Singh, R. (2020). Challenges in liver cancer and possible treatment approaches. Biochimica et biophysica acta (BBA)-Reviews on cancer, 1873(1), 188314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbcan.2019.188314
  • Asan, N. B., Redzwan, S., Rydberg, A., Augustine, R., Noreland, D., Hassan, E., & Voigt, T. (2017, May). Human fat tissue: A microwave communication channel. In 2017 First IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Bio Conference (IMBIOC) (pp. 1-4). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/IMBIOC.2017.7965801
  • Azaro, R., Caorsi, S., & Pastorino, M. (1998). A 3‐GHz microwave imaging system based on a modulated scattering technique and on a modified Born approximation. International journal of imaging systems and technology, 9(5), 395-403. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-1098(1998)9:5%3C395::AID-IMA10%3E3.0.CO;2-U
  • Benny, R., Anjit, T. A., & Mythili, P. (2020). An overview of microwave imaging for breast tumor detection. Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, 87, 61-91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2528/PIERB20012402
  • Chandra, R., Zhou, H., Balasingham, I., & Narayanan, R. M. (2015). On the opportunities and challenges in microwave medical sensing and imaging. IEEE transactions on biomedical engineering, 62(7), 1667-1682. https://doi.org/10.1109/TBME.2015.2432137
  • Danpanichkul, P., Duangsonk, K., Kalligeros, M., Fallon, M. B., Vuthithammee, C., Pan, C. W., ... & Wijarnpreecha, K. (2025). Alcohol–Related Liver Disease, Followed by Metabolic Dysfunction–Associated Steatotic Liver Disease, Emerges as the Fastest‐Growing Aetiologies for Primary Liver Cancer in the United States. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 61(6), 959-970. https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18473
  • Debes, J. D., Romagnoli, P. A., Prieto, J., Arrese, M., Mattos, A. Z., Boonstra, A., & Escalon Consortium. (2021). Serum biomarkers for the prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancers, 13(7), 1681. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13071681
  • Hamza, M. N., Abdulkarim, Y. I., Saeed, S. R., Karaaslan, M., Alkurt, F. O., Appasani, B., ... & Nsengiyumva, P. (2024). Metamaterial-based Artificial magnetic conductor for efficient breast cancer diagnosis using a low-cost antenna array. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 28262. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-79666-8
  • Hossain, A., Islam, M. T., Beng, G. K., Kashem, S. B. A., Soliman, M. S., Misran, N., & Chowdhury, M. E. (2022). Microwave brain imaging system to detect brain tumor using metamaterial loaded stacked antenna array. Scientific reports, 12(1), 16478. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-20944-8
  • Imani, M. F., Gollub, J. N., Yurduseven, O., Diebold, A. V., Boyarsky, M., Fromenteze, T., ... & Smith, D. R. (2020). Review of metasurface antennas for computational microwave imaging. IEEE transactions on antennas and propagation, 68(3), 1860-1875. https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2020.2968795
  • Islam, M. T., Mahmud, M. Z., Islam, M. T., Kibria, S., & Samsuzzaman, M. (2019). A low cost and portable microwave imaging system for breast tumor detection using UWB directional antenna array. Scientific reports, 9(1), 15491. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-51620-z
  • Li, X., Davis, S. K., Hagness, S. C., Van der Weide, D. W., & Van Veen, B. D. (2004). Microwave imaging via space-time beamforming: Experimental investigation of tumor detection in multilayer breast phantoms. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and techniques, 52(8), 1856-1865. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2004.832686
  • Nadarevic, T., Giljaca, V., Colli, A., Fraquelli, M., Casazza, G., Miletic, D., & Štimac, D. (2021). Computed tomography for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in adults with chronic liver disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (10). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD013362.pub2
  • Naqvi, S. A. R., Manoufali, M., Mohammed, B., Mobashsher, A. T., Foong, D., & Abbosh, A. M. (2020). In vivo human skin dielectric properties characterization and statistical analysis at frequencies from 1 to 30 GHz. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 70, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIM.2020.3036767
  • Sarma, D., Asok, A. O., & Dey, S. (2024, February). Designing a Meanderline-Based Ultraminiature Low-Profile Ultrawideband Antenna for Biomedical Applications. In 2024 IEEE Wireless Antenna and Microwave Symposium (WAMS) (pp. 1-5). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/WAMS59642.2024.10528176
  • Staufer, K., & Stauber, R. E. (2023). Steatotic liver disease: metabolic dysfunction, alcohol, or both?. Biomedicines, 11(8), 2108. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11082108
  • Tekşen, F. A., Akdoğan, V., & Karaaslan, M. (2024). Revolutionizing glucose measurement: The power of microwave antennas in diabetes. Sensing and Imaging, 25(1), 58. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11220-024-00511-3
  • Wang, L. (2023). Microwave imaging and sensing techniques for breast cancer detection. Micromachines, 14(7), 1462. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14071462
  • Wang, M., Crocco, L., & Cavagnaro, M. (2021). On the design of a microwave imaging system to monitor thermal ablation of liver tumors. IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics, RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology, 5(3), 231-237. https://doi.org/10.1109/JERM.2020.3048846
  • Wang, M., Crocco, L., Costanzo, S., Scapaticci, R., & Cavagnaro, M. (2022). A compact slot-loaded antipodal vivaldi antenna for a microwave imaging system to monitor liver microwave thermal ablation. IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation, 3, 700-708. https://doi.org/10.1109/OJAP.2022.3183750
  • Wang, M., Crocco, L., & Cavagnaro, M. (2021). On the design of a microwave imaging system to monitor thermal ablation of liver tumors. IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics, RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology, 5(3), 231-237. https://doi.org/10.1109/JERM.2020.3048846
  • Younossi, Z. M., Kalligeros, M., & Henry, L. (2024). Epidemiology of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Clinical and molecular hepatology, 31(Suppl), S32. https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2024.0431
  • Zerrad, F. E., Taouzari, M., Makroum, E. M., Aoufi, J. E., Qanadli, S. D., Karaaslan, M., ... & Zakaria, Z. (2023). Microwave imaging approach for breast cancer detection using a tapered slot antenna loaded with parasitic components. Materials, 16(4), 1496. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16041496
Toplam 26 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Mühendislik Elektromanyetiği
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Volkan Akdoğan 0000-0003-2219-2317

Fatih Özkan Alkurt 0000-0002-9940-0658

Gönderilme Tarihi 23 Eylül 2025
Kabul Tarihi 12 Ocak 2026
Yayımlanma Tarihi 3 Mart 2026
DOI https://doi.org/10.17780/ksujes.1789667
IZ https://izlik.org/JA36JP83EM
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2026 Cilt: 29 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Akdoğan, V., & Alkurt, F. Ö. (2026). MEANDERLINE BASED MICROSTRIP ANTENNA DESIGN FOR LIVER TUMOR DETECTION. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 29(1), 401-408. https://doi.org/10.17780/ksujes.1789667