KARAYOLU TÜNELLERİNDE KAVİS YARIÇAPININ TAŞITLARDAN YAYILAN KARBONMONOKSİT DAĞILIMLARI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİNİN SAYISAL İNCELENMESİ
Öz
Bu çalışmada, içerisinde taşıt bulunan 500 m uzunluğundaki iki şeritli düz bir tünel ve R=950 m ve R=1900 m yarıçap değerlerine sahip iki çemberin 500 m uzunluğundaki yay parçalarıyla oluşan iki farklı kavise sahip iki şeritli iki tünel içerisindeki üç boyutlu akış alanları zaman bağımlı olarak Standart k-ε türbülans modeli ile çözülmüştür. Taşıt hızının 70 km/saat değeri için (taşıt sayısının 26 değeri için) gerçekleştirilen sayısal çözümlerle, tünel içerisindeki hız dağılımları ve karbonmonoksit dağılımları elde edilmiştir. Taşıtlı kavisli tünellerde, dış bükey ve iç bükey bölgelerde hız değerlerindeki fark kavis yarıçapı arttıkça artmaktadır. Artan kavis yarıçapı ile birlikte karbonmonoksit değerleri azalmaktadır. Tünellerin iç bükey tarafında karbonmonoksit yoğunluğu daha fazla olmaktadır. Sayısal çalışmada kullanılan Standart k-ε modeli ile elde edilen sonuçlar deneysel verilerle iyi bir uyum göstermektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kavisli tünel taşıt hızı karbonmonoksit dağılımı standart k-ε türbülans modeli
Kaynakça
- Al-Mutairi, N. Z., Almutairi, T., & Matar, H. B. (2020). Concentration of carbon monoxide in an enclosed parking garage. American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 13(3), 402-408. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajeassp.2020.402.408
- Chaloulakou, A., Duci, A., & Spyrellis, N. (2002). Exposure to carbon monoxide in enclosed multi-level parking garages in the central athens urban area. Indoor and Built Environment, 11(4), 191-201. https://doi.org/10.1177/1420326X02011004
- Chen, K. S., Chung, C. Y., & Wang, S. (2002). Measurement and three-dimensional modeling of airflow and pollutant dispersion in an undersea traffic tunnel. Journal of The Air & Waste Management Association, 52(3), 349-363. https://doi.org/10.1080/10473289.2002.10470783
- Deng, Y., Chen, C., Li, Q., Hu, Q., Yuan, H., Li, J., & Li, Y., (2015), Measurements of real-world vehicle CO and NOx fleet average emissions in urban tunnels of two cities in China. Atmospheric Environment, 122, 417-426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.08.036
- De Vito, S., Del Giudice, A., D’Elia, G., Esposito, E., Fattoruso, G., Ferlito, S., & Di Francia, G. (2023). Correlating air pollution concentrations and vehicular emissions in an Italian Roadway Tunnel by means of low cost sensors. Atmosphere, 14(4), 679. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14040679
- Dong, J., Tao, Y., Xiao, Y., &Tu, J. (2017). Numerical simulation of pollutant dispersion in urban roadway tunnels. The Journal of Computational Multiphase Flows, 9(1), 26-31. https://doi.org/10.1177/1757482X17694041
- Greiner, T. H., & Schwab, C. V. (1998). Carbon monoxide exposure from a vehicle in a garage. Thermal Envelopes VII,Indoor Air Quality and Sustainability, 209-216. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15031146
- Kara, N. (2019). Bir otoyol tünelini kullanarak emisyon faktörlerinin belirlenmesi ve modellenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Doksuz Eylül Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Çevre Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı, İzmir 72s.
- Kristensson, A., Johansson, C., Westerholm, R., Swietlicki, E., Gidhagen, L., Wideqvist, U., & Vesely, V. (2004). Real-world traffic emission factors of gases and particles measured in a road tunnel in Stockholm, Sweden. Atmospheric Environment, 38(5), 657-673. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.10.030.
- Król, A., Król, M., Koper, P., & Wrona, P. (2019). Numerical modeling of air velocity distribution in a road tunnel with a longitudinal ventilation system. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 91, 103003. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2019.103003
- Launder, B.E., & Spalding D.B. (1974). The numerical computation of turbulent flows. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 3, 269-289. https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-7825(74)90029-2
- Li, Y., Chen, T., Xu, Z., Kong, J., Wang, M., & Fan, C. (2019). Influence of winding wall on the entrainment characteristics of air jet in curved road tunnels. Tunneling and Underground Space Technology, 90, 330-339. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TUST.2019.05.012
- Nie, W., Liu, X., Liu, C., Guo, L., & Hua, Y. (2022). Prediction of dispersion behavior of typical exhaust pollutants from hydraulic support transporters based on numerical simulation. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(25), 38110-38125. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17959-5
- Shen, J., Zhu, H., Luo, M., & Liu, D. (2016). Numerical simulation of CO distribution discharged by flame-proof vehicle in underground tunnel of coal mine. Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries, 40, 117-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2015.12.009
- Shi, X., Sun, D., Fu, S., Zhao, Z., & Liu, J. (2019). Assessing on-road emission flow pattern under car-following induced turbulence using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical simulation. Sustainability, 11(23), 6705. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11236705
- Shi, X., Sun, D., Zhang, Y., Xiong, J., & Zhao, Z. (2020). Modeling emission flow pattern of a single cruising vehicle on urban streets with CFD simulation and wind tunnel validation. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(12), 4557. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124557
- Sun, D. J., Shi, X., Zhang, Y., & Zhang, L. (2021). Spatiotemporal distribution of traffic emission based on wind tunnel experiment and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. Journal of Cleaner Production, 282, 124495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124495
- Villanueva, J., & Chen, D. (2020). Measurement of Carbon Monoxide concentration levels within an underground parking lot throughout the day. BCIT Environmental Public Health Journal. 1-14. https://doi.org/10.47339/ephj.2020.30
- Zamorategui-Molina, A., Gutiérrez-Ortega, N. L., Baltazar-Vera, J. C., Del Ángel-Soto, J., & Tirado-Torres, D. (2021). Carbon Monoxide and particulate matter concentrations inside the road tunnels of Guanajuato City, Mexico. Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 21(10), 210039. https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.210039
NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF CURVE RADIUS IN ROAD TUNNELS ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF CARBON MONOXIDE EMITTED BY VEHICLES
Öz
In this study, the three-dimensional flow fields within two-lane tunnels, one consisting of a 500 m long straight tunnel containing vehicle and two different curves formed by 500 m long arc segments of two circles with radii R=950 m and R=1900 m, were solved time-dependently using the Standard k -ε turbulence model. Numerical solutions were performed for a vehicle speed of 70 km/h (19.4 m/s) (for a vehicle count of 26), yielding the velocity distributions and carbon monoxide distributions within the tunnel. In curved tunnels with vehicles, the difference in speed values between the convex and concave regions increases as the curve radius increases. Carbon monoxide values decrease as the curve radius increases. Carbon monoxide effect is concentrated on the concave side of the tunnels. The results obtained using the Standard k-ε model in the numerical study show good agreement with the experimental data.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Curved tunnel vehicle speed carbon monoxide distribution standard k-ε turbulence model
Kaynakça
- Al-Mutairi, N. Z., Almutairi, T., & Matar, H. B. (2020). Concentration of carbon monoxide in an enclosed parking garage. American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 13(3), 402-408. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajeassp.2020.402.408
- Chaloulakou, A., Duci, A., & Spyrellis, N. (2002). Exposure to carbon monoxide in enclosed multi-level parking garages in the central athens urban area. Indoor and Built Environment, 11(4), 191-201. https://doi.org/10.1177/1420326X02011004
- Chen, K. S., Chung, C. Y., & Wang, S. (2002). Measurement and three-dimensional modeling of airflow and pollutant dispersion in an undersea traffic tunnel. Journal of The Air & Waste Management Association, 52(3), 349-363. https://doi.org/10.1080/10473289.2002.10470783
- Deng, Y., Chen, C., Li, Q., Hu, Q., Yuan, H., Li, J., & Li, Y., (2015), Measurements of real-world vehicle CO and NOx fleet average emissions in urban tunnels of two cities in China. Atmospheric Environment, 122, 417-426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.08.036
- De Vito, S., Del Giudice, A., D’Elia, G., Esposito, E., Fattoruso, G., Ferlito, S., & Di Francia, G. (2023). Correlating air pollution concentrations and vehicular emissions in an Italian Roadway Tunnel by means of low cost sensors. Atmosphere, 14(4), 679. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14040679
- Dong, J., Tao, Y., Xiao, Y., &Tu, J. (2017). Numerical simulation of pollutant dispersion in urban roadway tunnels. The Journal of Computational Multiphase Flows, 9(1), 26-31. https://doi.org/10.1177/1757482X17694041
- Greiner, T. H., & Schwab, C. V. (1998). Carbon monoxide exposure from a vehicle in a garage. Thermal Envelopes VII,Indoor Air Quality and Sustainability, 209-216. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15031146
- Kara, N. (2019). Bir otoyol tünelini kullanarak emisyon faktörlerinin belirlenmesi ve modellenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Doksuz Eylül Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Çevre Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı, İzmir 72s.
- Kristensson, A., Johansson, C., Westerholm, R., Swietlicki, E., Gidhagen, L., Wideqvist, U., & Vesely, V. (2004). Real-world traffic emission factors of gases and particles measured in a road tunnel in Stockholm, Sweden. Atmospheric Environment, 38(5), 657-673. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.10.030.
- Król, A., Król, M., Koper, P., & Wrona, P. (2019). Numerical modeling of air velocity distribution in a road tunnel with a longitudinal ventilation system. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 91, 103003. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2019.103003
- Launder, B.E., & Spalding D.B. (1974). The numerical computation of turbulent flows. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 3, 269-289. https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-7825(74)90029-2
- Li, Y., Chen, T., Xu, Z., Kong, J., Wang, M., & Fan, C. (2019). Influence of winding wall on the entrainment characteristics of air jet in curved road tunnels. Tunneling and Underground Space Technology, 90, 330-339. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TUST.2019.05.012
- Nie, W., Liu, X., Liu, C., Guo, L., & Hua, Y. (2022). Prediction of dispersion behavior of typical exhaust pollutants from hydraulic support transporters based on numerical simulation. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(25), 38110-38125. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17959-5
- Shen, J., Zhu, H., Luo, M., & Liu, D. (2016). Numerical simulation of CO distribution discharged by flame-proof vehicle in underground tunnel of coal mine. Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries, 40, 117-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2015.12.009
- Shi, X., Sun, D., Fu, S., Zhao, Z., & Liu, J. (2019). Assessing on-road emission flow pattern under car-following induced turbulence using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical simulation. Sustainability, 11(23), 6705. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11236705
- Shi, X., Sun, D., Zhang, Y., Xiong, J., & Zhao, Z. (2020). Modeling emission flow pattern of a single cruising vehicle on urban streets with CFD simulation and wind tunnel validation. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(12), 4557. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124557
- Sun, D. J., Shi, X., Zhang, Y., & Zhang, L. (2021). Spatiotemporal distribution of traffic emission based on wind tunnel experiment and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. Journal of Cleaner Production, 282, 124495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124495
- Villanueva, J., & Chen, D. (2020). Measurement of Carbon Monoxide concentration levels within an underground parking lot throughout the day. BCIT Environmental Public Health Journal. 1-14. https://doi.org/10.47339/ephj.2020.30
- Zamorategui-Molina, A., Gutiérrez-Ortega, N. L., Baltazar-Vera, J. C., Del Ángel-Soto, J., & Tirado-Torres, D. (2021). Carbon Monoxide and particulate matter concentrations inside the road tunnels of Guanajuato City, Mexico. Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 21(10), 210039. https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.210039
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Makine Mühendisliği (Diğer) |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 3 Ekim 2025 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 27 Kasım 2025 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 3 Mart 2026 |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.17780/ksujes.1794216 |
| IZ | https://izlik.org/JA85ME72SC |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2026 Cilt: 29 Sayı: 1 |