HEAVY METAL POLLUTION INDEX (HPI) IN SURFACE WATER BETWEEN ALAKIR DAM AND ALAKIR BRIDGE, ANTALYA-TURKEY
Öz
The importance of getting the clean water has increased due to
population growth. This requirement is not limited to drinking and irrigation
water; it is also important in energy production and industry development.
Antalya is one of the provinces with the highest water demand due to its
migration, agriculture and industry growth. Kumluca is one of the important
districts of Antalya with its growing population, important agricultural areas
and hydroelectric power plants just north of it. Agricultural is performed in
all season. In this study, in order to understand the effects of increasing
population and agriculture, heavy metal anomalies were investigated in surface
waters that passes throughout the plain. In May 2018, a systematic sampling was
taken from 48 locations between Alakir Dam and Alakir Bridge. The data obtained
in the results of chemical analysis was interpreted using HPI statistical
analysis. HPI value anomalies were
concentrated in two regions. These grouping were considered that because of the
dam in the upper region; because of the agricultural activities in the lower
region.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Surface Water Heavy Metal Pollution Index HPI Statistics Alakir
Kaynakça
- ASTM (1985). Standard specification for reagent water. Annual Book of ASTM Standards 11(01): D1193-77
- Bytyçi, P., Fetoshi, O., Durmishi, B. H., Etemi, F. Z., Çadraku, H., Ismaili, M., & Abazi, A. S. (2018). Status Assessment of Heavy Metals in Water of the Lepenci River Basin, Kosova. Journal of Ecological Engineering, 19(5), 19-32.
- Brown, R.M., Mc Clelland, N.I., Deininger, R.A., Tozer, R.G. (1970). A water quality index—do we dare? Water Sewage Works 117, 339–343 (As noted in Lumb et al.,2011).
- CCME, (2001). Canadian water quality guidelines for the protection of aquatic life. CCME water quality index 1.0, User’s Manual 2001 Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
- Cengiz MF, Kilic S, Yalcin F, Kilic M , Gurhan Yalcin M. (2017). Evaluation of heavy metal risk potential in Bogacayi River water (Antalya, Turkey). Environ Monit Assess., 189 (6): 248.
- Chaturvedi, A., Bhattacharjee, S., Singh, A.K., Kumar, V. (2018). A new approach for indexing groundwater heavy metal pollution. Ecol. Indic. 87, 323–331.
- Dadolahi‐Sohrab, A., Arjomand, F., & Fadaei‐Nasab, M. (2012). Water quality index as a simple indicator of watersheds pollution in southwestern part of Iran. Water and Environment Journal, 26(4), 445-454.
- Dutta, S., Dwivedi, A., & Kumar, M. S. (2018). Use of water quality index and multivariate statistical techniques for the assessment of spatial variations in water quality of a small river. Environmental monitoring and assessment, 190(12), 718.
- Dunnette, D.A. (1979). A geographically variable water quality index used in Oregon. J. Water Pollut. Control Fed. 51, 53–61 (As noted in Lumb et al., 2011).
- Edet, A.E., Offiong, O.E. (2002). Evaluation of water quality pollution indices for heavy metal contamination monitoring. A study case from Akpabuyo-Odukpani area, Lower Cross River Basin (southeastern Nigeria). Geo. J. 57, 295–304.
- El-Tohamy, W. S., Abdel-Baki, S. N., Abdel-Aziz, N. E., & Khidr, A. A. A. (2018). Evaluation of Spatial and Temporal Variations of Surface Water Quality in the Nile River Damietta Branch. Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S, 25(4), 569-580.
- Fernandez-Luqueno, F., López-Valdez, F., Gamero-Melo, P., Luna-Suárez, S., Aguilera-González, E. N., Martínez, A. I., Pérez-Velázquez, I. R. (2013). Heavy metal pollution in drinking water-a global risk for human health: A review. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 7 (7), 567-584.
- Horton, R.K. (1965). An index number system for rating water quality. J. Water Poll. Control Fed. 37, 300–305.
- Islam, M.S., Ahmed, M.K., Raknuzzaman, M., Mamun, M.H.A., Islam, M.K. (2015). Heavy metal pollution in surface water and sediment: a preliminary assessment of an urban river in a developing country. Ecol. Indic. 48, 282–291.
- Kumar, M., Nagdev, R., Tripathi, R., Singh, V. B., Ranjan, P., Soheb, M., Ramanathan, A.L. (2019). Geospatial and multivariate analysis of trace metals in tubewell water using for drinking purpose in the upper Gangetic basin, India: Heavy metal pollution index, Groundwater for Sustainable Development, 8: 122-133.
- Leventeli, Y., Yalcin, F., Kilic, M. (2019). An investigation about heavy metal pollution of Duden and Goksu Streams (Antalya, Turkey), Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 17 (2): 2423-2436.
- Mohan, S.V., Nithila, P., Reddy, S.J. (1996). Estimation of heavy metals in drinking water and development of heavy metal pollution index. J. Environ. Sci. 31 (2), 283–289.
- Nasrabadi, T. (2015) An index approach to metallic pollution in river waters. J. Environ. Res. 9(1): 385-394.
- Sirajudeen, J., Arulmanikandan, S., Manivel, V. (2014). Heavy metal pollution index of groundwater of Fathima Nagar Area near Uyyakondan Channel Tiruchirappalli District, Tamil Nadu, India. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 4 (1): 967-975.
- Rohrbough W.G. (1986). Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, 7th Ed. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC.
- Prasad, B., Bose, J. (2001). Evaluation of the heavy metal pollution index for surface and spring water near a limestone mining area of the lower Himalayas. Environmental Geology, 41(1-2), 183-188.
- Prasanna, M.V., Praveena, S.M., Chidambaram, S. (2012). Evaluation of water quality pollution indices for heavy metal contamination monitoring: a case study from Curtin Lake, Miri City. East Malaysia. Environ. Earth Sci. 67, 1987–2001.
- Singh, K. R., Dutta, R., Kalamdhad, A. S., & Kumar, B. (2018). Risk characterization and surface water quality assessment of Manas River, Assam (India) with an emphasis on the TOPSIS method of multi-objective decision making. Environmental Earth Sciences, 77(23), 780.
- Singh, K. R., Dutta, R., Kalamdhad, A. S., & Kumar, B. (2019). An investigation on water quality variability and identification of ideal monitoring locations by using entropy based disorder indices. Science of The Total Environment, 647, 1444-1455.
- Tiwari, A.K., De Maio, M., Singh, P.K., Mahato, M.K. (2015). Evaluation of surface water qulaity by using GIS and heavy metal pollution index (HPI) model in a coal mining area, India. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 95, 304–310.
- Qu, L., Huang, H., Xia, F., Liu, Y., Dahlgren, R. A., Zhang, M., & Mei, K. (2018). Risk analysis of heavy metal concentration in surface waters across the rural-urban interface of the Wen-Rui Tang River, China. Environmental pollution, 237, 639-649.
- Wen, X., Lu, J., Wu, J., Lin, Y., & Luo, Y. (2019). Influence of coastal groundwater salinization on the distribution and risks of heavy metals. Science of The Total Environment, 652, 267-277.
- Yalcin M.G., Ucgun F., Unal B. (2007). Application of an Artificial Intelligence to the Estimation of Water Quality Parameters: Water Quality of Nigde Creek Water, Turkey, Asian Journal of Chemistry, 19 (3), 2325-2334
- Yalcin M.G., Aydin O., Elhatip H. (2008). Heavy metal contents and the water quality of Karasu Creek in Nigde, Turkey, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 137, 169–178.
- Yalcin F., Ilbeyli N., Aydın O., Yalcin M.G., Leventeli Y., (2017). A Statistical Approach Of Heavy Metal Pollution Index In Creek Surface Water Samples (Nigde, Turkey), 7. International Conference on Medical Geology, Moskova, Russia, 28 August - 1 September, 82-82.
ALAKIR BARAJI VE ALAKIR KÖPRÜSÜ ARASINDAKİ YÜZEY SUYUNUN AĞIR METAL KİRLİLİK İNDEKSİ (HPI), ANTALYA-TÜRKİYE
Öz
Nüfus artışına bağlı olarak temiz suya erişimin önemi artmıştır. Söz
konusu gereksinim içme ve sulama suyu ile sınırlı değildir; enerji üretimi ve
endüstri gelişiminde de önemlidir. Antalya gerek göç alması, gerek tarım ve
endüstrideki büyümesi ile en çok su ihtiyacının arttığı iller arasındadır.
Kumluca artan nüfusu, önemli tarım alanları ve hemen kuzeyindeki hidroelektrik
santralleri ile Antalya’nın önemli ilçelerindendir. Her mevsim tarım
yapılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, artan nüfusun ve tarımın etkilerini anlayabilmek
için, ovayı baştanbaşa kesen yüzey sularında ağır metal anomalileri
araştırılmıştır. Bunun için Mayıs 2018 tarihinde, sistematik olarak, Alakır
Barajı ve Alakır Köprüsü arasındaki 48 lokasyondan numune alınmıştır. Kimyasal
analiz sonuçlarında elde edilen veriler HPI istatistiksel analiz yardımıyla
yorumlanmıştır. HPI değerindeki anomaliler iki bölgede yoğunlaşmıştır. Bu
gruplaşmada üst bölgede barajın, alt bölgede tarımsal faaliyetlerin etkili
olduğu düşünülmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Yüzey Suyu Ağır Metal Kirlilik İndeksi HPI İstatistik Alakır
Kaynakça
- ASTM (1985). Standard specification for reagent water. Annual Book of ASTM Standards 11(01): D1193-77
- Bytyçi, P., Fetoshi, O., Durmishi, B. H., Etemi, F. Z., Çadraku, H., Ismaili, M., & Abazi, A. S. (2018). Status Assessment of Heavy Metals in Water of the Lepenci River Basin, Kosova. Journal of Ecological Engineering, 19(5), 19-32.
- Brown, R.M., Mc Clelland, N.I., Deininger, R.A., Tozer, R.G. (1970). A water quality index—do we dare? Water Sewage Works 117, 339–343 (As noted in Lumb et al.,2011).
- CCME, (2001). Canadian water quality guidelines for the protection of aquatic life. CCME water quality index 1.0, User’s Manual 2001 Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
- Cengiz MF, Kilic S, Yalcin F, Kilic M , Gurhan Yalcin M. (2017). Evaluation of heavy metal risk potential in Bogacayi River water (Antalya, Turkey). Environ Monit Assess., 189 (6): 248.
- Chaturvedi, A., Bhattacharjee, S., Singh, A.K., Kumar, V. (2018). A new approach for indexing groundwater heavy metal pollution. Ecol. Indic. 87, 323–331.
- Dadolahi‐Sohrab, A., Arjomand, F., & Fadaei‐Nasab, M. (2012). Water quality index as a simple indicator of watersheds pollution in southwestern part of Iran. Water and Environment Journal, 26(4), 445-454.
- Dutta, S., Dwivedi, A., & Kumar, M. S. (2018). Use of water quality index and multivariate statistical techniques for the assessment of spatial variations in water quality of a small river. Environmental monitoring and assessment, 190(12), 718.
- Dunnette, D.A. (1979). A geographically variable water quality index used in Oregon. J. Water Pollut. Control Fed. 51, 53–61 (As noted in Lumb et al., 2011).
- Edet, A.E., Offiong, O.E. (2002). Evaluation of water quality pollution indices for heavy metal contamination monitoring. A study case from Akpabuyo-Odukpani area, Lower Cross River Basin (southeastern Nigeria). Geo. J. 57, 295–304.
- El-Tohamy, W. S., Abdel-Baki, S. N., Abdel-Aziz, N. E., & Khidr, A. A. A. (2018). Evaluation of Spatial and Temporal Variations of Surface Water Quality in the Nile River Damietta Branch. Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S, 25(4), 569-580.
- Fernandez-Luqueno, F., López-Valdez, F., Gamero-Melo, P., Luna-Suárez, S., Aguilera-González, E. N., Martínez, A. I., Pérez-Velázquez, I. R. (2013). Heavy metal pollution in drinking water-a global risk for human health: A review. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 7 (7), 567-584.
- Horton, R.K. (1965). An index number system for rating water quality. J. Water Poll. Control Fed. 37, 300–305.
- Islam, M.S., Ahmed, M.K., Raknuzzaman, M., Mamun, M.H.A., Islam, M.K. (2015). Heavy metal pollution in surface water and sediment: a preliminary assessment of an urban river in a developing country. Ecol. Indic. 48, 282–291.
- Kumar, M., Nagdev, R., Tripathi, R., Singh, V. B., Ranjan, P., Soheb, M., Ramanathan, A.L. (2019). Geospatial and multivariate analysis of trace metals in tubewell water using for drinking purpose in the upper Gangetic basin, India: Heavy metal pollution index, Groundwater for Sustainable Development, 8: 122-133.
- Leventeli, Y., Yalcin, F., Kilic, M. (2019). An investigation about heavy metal pollution of Duden and Goksu Streams (Antalya, Turkey), Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 17 (2): 2423-2436.
- Mohan, S.V., Nithila, P., Reddy, S.J. (1996). Estimation of heavy metals in drinking water and development of heavy metal pollution index. J. Environ. Sci. 31 (2), 283–289.
- Nasrabadi, T. (2015) An index approach to metallic pollution in river waters. J. Environ. Res. 9(1): 385-394.
- Sirajudeen, J., Arulmanikandan, S., Manivel, V. (2014). Heavy metal pollution index of groundwater of Fathima Nagar Area near Uyyakondan Channel Tiruchirappalli District, Tamil Nadu, India. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 4 (1): 967-975.
- Rohrbough W.G. (1986). Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, 7th Ed. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC.
- Prasad, B., Bose, J. (2001). Evaluation of the heavy metal pollution index for surface and spring water near a limestone mining area of the lower Himalayas. Environmental Geology, 41(1-2), 183-188.
- Prasanna, M.V., Praveena, S.M., Chidambaram, S. (2012). Evaluation of water quality pollution indices for heavy metal contamination monitoring: a case study from Curtin Lake, Miri City. East Malaysia. Environ. Earth Sci. 67, 1987–2001.
- Singh, K. R., Dutta, R., Kalamdhad, A. S., & Kumar, B. (2018). Risk characterization and surface water quality assessment of Manas River, Assam (India) with an emphasis on the TOPSIS method of multi-objective decision making. Environmental Earth Sciences, 77(23), 780.
- Singh, K. R., Dutta, R., Kalamdhad, A. S., & Kumar, B. (2019). An investigation on water quality variability and identification of ideal monitoring locations by using entropy based disorder indices. Science of The Total Environment, 647, 1444-1455.
- Tiwari, A.K., De Maio, M., Singh, P.K., Mahato, M.K. (2015). Evaluation of surface water qulaity by using GIS and heavy metal pollution index (HPI) model in a coal mining area, India. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 95, 304–310.
- Qu, L., Huang, H., Xia, F., Liu, Y., Dahlgren, R. A., Zhang, M., & Mei, K. (2018). Risk analysis of heavy metal concentration in surface waters across the rural-urban interface of the Wen-Rui Tang River, China. Environmental pollution, 237, 639-649.
- Wen, X., Lu, J., Wu, J., Lin, Y., & Luo, Y. (2019). Influence of coastal groundwater salinization on the distribution and risks of heavy metals. Science of The Total Environment, 652, 267-277.
- Yalcin M.G., Ucgun F., Unal B. (2007). Application of an Artificial Intelligence to the Estimation of Water Quality Parameters: Water Quality of Nigde Creek Water, Turkey, Asian Journal of Chemistry, 19 (3), 2325-2334
- Yalcin M.G., Aydin O., Elhatip H. (2008). Heavy metal contents and the water quality of Karasu Creek in Nigde, Turkey, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 137, 169–178.
- Yalcin F., Ilbeyli N., Aydın O., Yalcin M.G., Leventeli Y., (2017). A Statistical Approach Of Heavy Metal Pollution Index In Creek Surface Water Samples (Nigde, Turkey), 7. International Conference on Medical Geology, Moskova, Russia, 28 August - 1 September, 82-82.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Yer Bilimleri ve Jeoloji Mühendisliği (Diğer) |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 29 Kasım 2019 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 2 Ağustos 2019 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2019Cilt: 22 - Özel Sayı |
