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FARKLI İŞLEM KOŞULLARINDA AĞARTILAN KENEVİR KUMAŞIN BEYAZLIK DERECESİNİN TAHMİNLENMESİ

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 1, 505 - 512, 03.03.2025

Gamze Gülşen Bakıcı

Öz

Bu çalışmada, Nm 25 inceliğinde ham kenevir iplik kullanılarak 14 gauge düz örgü makinesinde 1x1 rib ham kumaş üretilmiş ve bu kumaşlara hidrofilleştirme işlemi uygulanmıştır. Hidrofilleştirilen numuneler, 100°C, 110°C ve 120°C sıcaklıklarında, 10, 11, 12 ve 13 pH değerlerinde ve 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 g/L ağartıcı konsantrasyonlarında ağartılmıştır. Numunelerin beyazlık seviyeleri Berger Beyazlık İndeksi ile ölçülmüştür. Sıcaklık arttıkça beyazlık derecelerinde beklenen artış gözlemlenmiş, sabit sıcaklıkta ise pH ve ağartıcı konsantrasyonundaki artışla beyazlık derecelerinde genel bir artış eğilimi görülmüş, ancak küçük sapmalar tespit edilmiştir. Ağartma işlemlerinde kullanılan sıcaklık, pH ve konsantrasyon değişkenleri bağımsız, beyazlık dereceleri ise bağımlı değişken olarak ele alınarak çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizi yapılmıştır. Analiz, bu değişkenlerin beyazlık derecesi üzerindeki etkisinin istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğunu (p<0.05) ve modelin belirleme katsayısı (R²) değerinin, bağımsız değişkenlerin beyazlık derecesindeki varyansı %82 oranında açıkladığını ortaya koymuştur

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kenevir sürdürülebilirlik ağartma beyazlık regresyon

Kaynakça

  • Alonso-Montemayor, F.J., López-Badillo, C.M., Aguilar-González, C.N., Ávalos-Belmontes, F., Castañeda-Facio, A.O., Reyna-Martínez, R., ... & Narro-Céspedes, R. I. (2020). Effect of cold air plasmas on the morphology and thermal stability of bleached hemp fibers. Revista Mexicana de Ingeniería Química, 19(Sup. 1), 457-467. https://doi.org/10.24275/rmiq/Mat1510
  • Atav, R., Dilden, D. B., Keskin, S. & Ergünay, U. (2024). Investigation of the dyeability and various performance properties of fabrics produced from flax and hemp fibres and their blends with cotton in comparison with cotton. Coloration Technology, 140(3), 440-450. https://doi.org/10.1111/cote.12720
  • Ertek Avcı, M. & Demiryürek, O. (2022). Development of sustainable and ecological hybrid yarns: hemp fiber in denim fabric production. Cellulose Chemistry and Technology, 56(9-10), 1089-1100.
  • Gedik, G., Aydın Kızılkaya, Y.M., Uyak, V. & Koluman, A. (2023). Simultaneous Eco-friendly Bleaching and Retting Wastewater Treatment of Hemp Fiber with Ozone Application. Fibers and Polymers, 24(1), 57-72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-023-00021-1
  • Gedik, G. & Avinc, O. (2018). Bleaching of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) fibers with peracetic acid for textiles industry purposes. Fibers and Polymers, 19(1), 82-93. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-018-7165-0
  • Gedik, G. (2012). Kenevir liflerinden üretilen kumaşların optimum ağartma koşullarının ve yöntemlerinin belirlenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Tekstil Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı, Denizli.
  • Göre, M. & Kurt, O. (2020). Bitkisel üretimde yeni bir trend: Kenevir. International Journal of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, 4(1), 138-157. https://doi.org/10.38001/ijlsb.789970
  • Grifoni, D., Roscigno, G., Falco, E.D., Vece, A., Camilli, F., Sabatini, F., Fibbi L. & Zipoli, G. (2020). Evaluation of dyeing and UV protective properties on hemp fabric of aqueous extracts from vegetal matrices of different origin. Fibers and Polymers, 21(8), 1750-1759. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-020-1045-8
  • Guo, Y., Sun, Z., Guo, X., Zhou, Y., Jiang, L., Chen, S. & Ma, J. (2019). Study on enzyme washing process of hemp organic cotton blended fabric. International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology, 31(1), 58-64. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCST-08-2017-0117
  • Inprasit, T., Pukkao, J., Lertlaksameephan, N., Chuenchom, A., Motina, K. & Inprasit, W. (2020). Green dyeing and antibacterial treatment of hemp fabrics using Punica granatum peel extracts. International journal of polymer science, 2020, 6084127. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/6084127
  • Kaya, S. & Oner, E. (2020). Kenevir liflerinin eldesi, karakteristik özellikleri ve tekstil endüstrisindeki uygulamaları. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 11(1), 108-123. https://doi.org/10.29048/makufebed.693406
  • Kurtuldu, E. & İşmal, Ö.E. (2019). Sürdürülebilir tekstil üretim ve tasarımında yeniden değer kazanan lif: Kenevir. SDÜ Art-E Güzel Sanatlar Fakültesi Sanat Dergisi, 12(24), 694-718.
  • Kushwaha, R., Kesarwani, P. & Kushwaha, A. (2024). Effect of Scouring and Bleaching on the Physico-mechanical Properties of the Hemp Fabric. Fibers and Polymers, 25, 3563–3570. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-024-00665-7
  • Ling, Y., Hart, J., Henson, C., West, A., Kumar, A., Karanjikar, M. & Yin, R. (2023). Investigation of Hemp and Nylon Blended Long-Staple Yarns and Their Woven Fabrics. Fibers and Polymers, 24(5), 1835-1843. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-023-00180-1
  • Mecir, B. (2024). Kenevir terbiyesinde yenilikçi ve çevre dostu yöntem geliştirilmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Tekstil Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı, Bursa.
  • Merdan, N. (2017). Effects of environmental surface modification methods on physical properties of hemp fibers. Materials Science, 23(4), 416-421. https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.23.4.17469
  • Özomay, M. & Akalın, M. (2022). Optimization of fastness properties with gray relational analysis method in dyeing of hemp fabric with natural and classic mordant. Journal of Natural Fibers, 19(8), 2914-2928. https://doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2020.1837328
  • Qu, L. J., Zhu, S. F., Liu, M. J., & Wang, S. Y. (2005). The mechanism and technology parameters optimization of alkali‐H2O2 one‐bath cooking and bleaching of hemp. Journal of applied polymer science, 97(6), 2279-2285. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.22024
  • Sonmez, S., Marcello, C. & Salam, A. (2023). Chemical Modification for Resistance to Photo-Oxidative Degradation and Improved Bleaching and Color Fastness Properties of Hemp Fiber. Cellulose Chemistry & Technology, 57 (5-6), 551-556.
  • Sponner, J., Toth, L., Cziger, S. & Franck, R.R. (2005). Hemp. In Frank R.R (Eds.), Bast and other plant fibres (pp. 176-206). Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing.
  • Srisuk, S., Intarat, T., Damkham, N. & Pisitsak, P. (2024). Comparison of infrared-, ultrasonic-, and microwave-assisted mordanting methods for the natural dyeing properties of hemp fabrics. Fibers and Polymers, 25(11), 4349-4360. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-024-00724-z
  • Stanković, S., Popović, D.M., Kocić, A. & Poparić, G.B. (2017). Ultraviolet protection factor of hemp/filament hybrid yarn knitted fabrics. Tekstilec, 60(1), 49-57. https://doi.org/10.14502/Tekstilec2017.60.49-57
  • Tripa, S., Kadınkız, N., Kanwal, A., Nazeer, M.A., Nazir, A., Tripa, F., & Uzun, M. (2023). Analysing the Impact of the Bleaching Process on Wet Spun Hemp Yarn Properties. Sustainability, 15(24), 16894. https://doi.org/10.3390/su152416894
  • Yayla, A. (2024). İç mekânlarda ses yutum malzemesi olarak kullanılan dokuma kumaşların kenevir lifi ile akustik özelliklerinin iyileştirilmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Tekstil Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı, Bursa.
  • Yılmaz Şahinbaşkan, B.Y. (2019). Kenevir Dokuma Kumaşa Enzimatik Ön İşlemlerin Etkisi. International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Pure Sciences, 31(3), 208-213. https://doi.org/10.7240/jeps.508952
  • Zhang, M., Qiao, X., Liu, X., Fang, K., Gong, J., Lu, X., Gao, W., Si, J. & Sun, F. (2023). Environmental urea-free pretreatment process to form new surface on hemp for enhancing the inkjet printing performance. Progress in Organic Coatings, 174(2023), 107317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2022.107317
  • Zhang, X. L., & He, Y. D. (2013). Effects of laccase on the properties of hemp fabric. Advanced Materials Research, 690, 999-1002. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.690-693.999

PREDICTION OF THE WHITENESS DEGREE OF HEMP FABRIC BLEACHED UNDER DIFFERENT CONDITIONS

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 1, 505 - 512, 03.03.2025

Gamze Gülşen Bakıcı

Öz

In this study, Nm 25 hemp yarn was used to produce 1x1 rib knitted fabric on a 14 gauge flat knitting machine, and the fabric was subjected to a hydrophilization process. The hydrophilized samples were bleached at temperatures of 100°C, 110°C, and 120°C, with pH values of 10, 11, 12, and 13, and hydrogen peroxide concentrations of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 g/L. Whiteness levels of the samples were measured using the Berger Whiteness Index. As the temperature increased, the whiteness levels showed the expected increase. At a constant temperature, an overall increasing trend in whiteness levels was observed with increasing pH and hydrogen peroxide concentration, although small deviations were detected. The temperature, pH, and concentration variables used in the bleaching process were considered as independent variables, while the whiteness levels were taken as the dependent variable, and multiple linear regression analysis was applied. The analysis revealed that the effects of these variables on whiteness were statistically significant (p<0.05), and the coefficient of determination (R²) of the model explained 82% of the variance in whiteness levels.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hemp sustainable bleaching whiteness regression

Kaynakça

  • Alonso-Montemayor, F.J., López-Badillo, C.M., Aguilar-González, C.N., Ávalos-Belmontes, F., Castañeda-Facio, A.O., Reyna-Martínez, R., ... & Narro-Céspedes, R. I. (2020). Effect of cold air plasmas on the morphology and thermal stability of bleached hemp fibers. Revista Mexicana de Ingeniería Química, 19(Sup. 1), 457-467. https://doi.org/10.24275/rmiq/Mat1510
  • Atav, R., Dilden, D. B., Keskin, S. & Ergünay, U. (2024). Investigation of the dyeability and various performance properties of fabrics produced from flax and hemp fibres and their blends with cotton in comparison with cotton. Coloration Technology, 140(3), 440-450. https://doi.org/10.1111/cote.12720
  • Ertek Avcı, M. & Demiryürek, O. (2022). Development of sustainable and ecological hybrid yarns: hemp fiber in denim fabric production. Cellulose Chemistry and Technology, 56(9-10), 1089-1100.
  • Gedik, G., Aydın Kızılkaya, Y.M., Uyak, V. & Koluman, A. (2023). Simultaneous Eco-friendly Bleaching and Retting Wastewater Treatment of Hemp Fiber with Ozone Application. Fibers and Polymers, 24(1), 57-72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-023-00021-1
  • Gedik, G. & Avinc, O. (2018). Bleaching of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) fibers with peracetic acid for textiles industry purposes. Fibers and Polymers, 19(1), 82-93. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-018-7165-0
  • Gedik, G. (2012). Kenevir liflerinden üretilen kumaşların optimum ağartma koşullarının ve yöntemlerinin belirlenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Tekstil Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı, Denizli.
  • Göre, M. & Kurt, O. (2020). Bitkisel üretimde yeni bir trend: Kenevir. International Journal of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, 4(1), 138-157. https://doi.org/10.38001/ijlsb.789970
  • Grifoni, D., Roscigno, G., Falco, E.D., Vece, A., Camilli, F., Sabatini, F., Fibbi L. & Zipoli, G. (2020). Evaluation of dyeing and UV protective properties on hemp fabric of aqueous extracts from vegetal matrices of different origin. Fibers and Polymers, 21(8), 1750-1759. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-020-1045-8
  • Guo, Y., Sun, Z., Guo, X., Zhou, Y., Jiang, L., Chen, S. & Ma, J. (2019). Study on enzyme washing process of hemp organic cotton blended fabric. International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology, 31(1), 58-64. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCST-08-2017-0117
  • Inprasit, T., Pukkao, J., Lertlaksameephan, N., Chuenchom, A., Motina, K. & Inprasit, W. (2020). Green dyeing and antibacterial treatment of hemp fabrics using Punica granatum peel extracts. International journal of polymer science, 2020, 6084127. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/6084127
  • Kaya, S. & Oner, E. (2020). Kenevir liflerinin eldesi, karakteristik özellikleri ve tekstil endüstrisindeki uygulamaları. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 11(1), 108-123. https://doi.org/10.29048/makufebed.693406
  • Kurtuldu, E. & İşmal, Ö.E. (2019). Sürdürülebilir tekstil üretim ve tasarımında yeniden değer kazanan lif: Kenevir. SDÜ Art-E Güzel Sanatlar Fakültesi Sanat Dergisi, 12(24), 694-718.
  • Kushwaha, R., Kesarwani, P. & Kushwaha, A. (2024). Effect of Scouring and Bleaching on the Physico-mechanical Properties of the Hemp Fabric. Fibers and Polymers, 25, 3563–3570. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-024-00665-7
  • Ling, Y., Hart, J., Henson, C., West, A., Kumar, A., Karanjikar, M. & Yin, R. (2023). Investigation of Hemp and Nylon Blended Long-Staple Yarns and Their Woven Fabrics. Fibers and Polymers, 24(5), 1835-1843. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-023-00180-1
  • Mecir, B. (2024). Kenevir terbiyesinde yenilikçi ve çevre dostu yöntem geliştirilmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Tekstil Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı, Bursa.
  • Merdan, N. (2017). Effects of environmental surface modification methods on physical properties of hemp fibers. Materials Science, 23(4), 416-421. https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.23.4.17469
  • Özomay, M. & Akalın, M. (2022). Optimization of fastness properties with gray relational analysis method in dyeing of hemp fabric with natural and classic mordant. Journal of Natural Fibers, 19(8), 2914-2928. https://doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2020.1837328
  • Qu, L. J., Zhu, S. F., Liu, M. J., & Wang, S. Y. (2005). The mechanism and technology parameters optimization of alkali‐H2O2 one‐bath cooking and bleaching of hemp. Journal of applied polymer science, 97(6), 2279-2285. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.22024
  • Sonmez, S., Marcello, C. & Salam, A. (2023). Chemical Modification for Resistance to Photo-Oxidative Degradation and Improved Bleaching and Color Fastness Properties of Hemp Fiber. Cellulose Chemistry & Technology, 57 (5-6), 551-556.
  • Sponner, J., Toth, L., Cziger, S. & Franck, R.R. (2005). Hemp. In Frank R.R (Eds.), Bast and other plant fibres (pp. 176-206). Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing.
  • Srisuk, S., Intarat, T., Damkham, N. & Pisitsak, P. (2024). Comparison of infrared-, ultrasonic-, and microwave-assisted mordanting methods for the natural dyeing properties of hemp fabrics. Fibers and Polymers, 25(11), 4349-4360. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-024-00724-z
  • Stanković, S., Popović, D.M., Kocić, A. & Poparić, G.B. (2017). Ultraviolet protection factor of hemp/filament hybrid yarn knitted fabrics. Tekstilec, 60(1), 49-57. https://doi.org/10.14502/Tekstilec2017.60.49-57
  • Tripa, S., Kadınkız, N., Kanwal, A., Nazeer, M.A., Nazir, A., Tripa, F., & Uzun, M. (2023). Analysing the Impact of the Bleaching Process on Wet Spun Hemp Yarn Properties. Sustainability, 15(24), 16894. https://doi.org/10.3390/su152416894
  • Yayla, A. (2024). İç mekânlarda ses yutum malzemesi olarak kullanılan dokuma kumaşların kenevir lifi ile akustik özelliklerinin iyileştirilmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Tekstil Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı, Bursa.
  • Yılmaz Şahinbaşkan, B.Y. (2019). Kenevir Dokuma Kumaşa Enzimatik Ön İşlemlerin Etkisi. International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Pure Sciences, 31(3), 208-213. https://doi.org/10.7240/jeps.508952
  • Zhang, M., Qiao, X., Liu, X., Fang, K., Gong, J., Lu, X., Gao, W., Si, J. & Sun, F. (2023). Environmental urea-free pretreatment process to form new surface on hemp for enhancing the inkjet printing performance. Progress in Organic Coatings, 174(2023), 107317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2022.107317
  • Zhang, X. L., & He, Y. D. (2013). Effects of laccase on the properties of hemp fabric. Advanced Materials Research, 690, 999-1002. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.690-693.999
Toplam 27 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Tekstil Terbiyesi
Bölüm Tekstil Mühendisliği
Yazarlar

Gamze Gülşen Bakıcı 0000-0002-4241-7096

Yayımlanma Tarihi 3 Mart 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 29 Kasım 2024
Kabul Tarihi 24 Ocak 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025Cilt: 28 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Gülşen Bakıcı, G. (2025). FARKLI İŞLEM KOŞULLARINDA AĞARTILAN KENEVİR KUMAŞIN BEYAZLIK DERECESİNİN TAHMİNLENMESİ. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 28(1), 505-512.
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