Öz
In this study, the physical and mechanical properties, durability, and natural light transmission density of transparent concrete are emphasized, and information is given about the properties and proportions of the materials used in its production, the companies producing the concrete and application examples. As a result, optical fibers (glass optical fiber, plastic optical fiber, etc.) are the most preferred materials among the materials with light transmittance (optical fibers, rubber, glass, etc.); their different placements and placement directions in concrete, different fiber ratios and fiber diameters affect the mechanical and physical properties of transparent concrete. Most of the research conducted in the last decade has focused on the light transmittance of concrete, suggesting that it will contribute to the structures aesthetically and reduce energy consumption, but no improvement studies have been made on its mechanical properties; and there is not enough information about the production of concrete that combines the benefits of both geopolymer concrete and light-transmitting materials. With this literature review, that new environmentally friendly transparent concrete can be designed and produced by considering the concepts of "industrial waste", "recycling", "sustainability" and "energy efficiency/ saving", which are mentioned a lot in today's engineering applications.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Optical fiber transparent concrete composite material energy conversion
Kaynakça
- Alzahrani, S., Alkhamis, K., Felaly, R., Alkhatib, F., Pashameah, R., Shah, R., & El-Metwaly, N. M. (2023). Preparation of transparent photoluminescence plastic concrete integrated with lanthanide aluminate. Ceramics International, 49(8), 12702-12709.
- Ahuja, A., & Mosalam, K. M. (2017). Evaluating energy consumption saving from translucent concrete building envelope. Energy and Buildings, 153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.06.062
- Bajpai, R. (2013). Application of transparent concrete in construction world. I-Manager’s Journal on Civil Engineering, 4(1), 13–17.
- Bashbash, B. F., Hajrus, R. M., Wafi, D. F., & Alqedra, M. A. (2013). Basics of Light Transmitting Concrete. Global Advanced Research Journal of Engineering, Technology and Innovation, 2(3).
- Chiew, S. M., Ibrahim, I. S., Sarbini, N. N., Ariffin, M. A. M., Lee, H. S., & Singh, J. K. (2021). Development of light-transmitting concrete–A review. Materials Today: Proceedings, 39, 1046-1050.
- Çakmak, A. (2012). Şeffaf Betonun Mimaride Kullanımı ve Üretimine Yönelik Deneysel Bir Değerlendirme [Yükseklisans Tezi]. Kocaeli Üniversitesi.
- Emanet, S. (2022). Işık Geçiren Betonun Optik Fiber Oranları ve Yerleşimlerine Göre Özelliklerini İncelemeye Yönelik Deneysel Bir Çalışma [Yükseklisans Tezi]. İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi.
- Henriques, T. dos S., Dal Molin, D. C., & Masuero, Â. B. (2020). Optical fibers in cementitious composites (LTCM): Analysis and discussion of their influence when randomly arranged. Construction and Building Materials, 244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118406
- Hlelai, M. A. (2021). Study on the Properties of Transparent Geopolymer Concrete. California State University. Huang, B. (2020). Light transmission performance of translucent concrete building envelope. Cogent Engineering, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311916.2020.1756145
- Italcementi Group. (2022). İtalyan Pavyonu’nun Dış ve İç Görünümü. https://www.italcementi.it/it. Erişim Tarihi: 22.05.22.
- Kankriya, S. M. (2016). Translucent concrete by using optical fibers and glass rods. Int. J. Sci. Res. Publ, 6(10), 625-627.
- Kim, B. (2017). Light transmitting lightweight concrete with transparent plastic bar. The Open Civil Engineering Journal, 11(1).
- Kumar, A., & Ahlawat, R. (2017). Experimental Study on Light Transmitting Concrete. In IJISET-International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology (Vol. 4). www.ijiset.com
- Li, Y., Li, J., & Guo, H. (2015). Preparation and study of light transmitting properties of sulfoaluminate cement-based materials. Materials and Design, 83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2015.06.021
- Li, Y., Xu, Z. Y., Gu, Z. W., & Bao, Z. Z. (2012). Preparation of light transmitting cement-based material with optical fiber embedded by the means of parallel arrange. Advanced Materials Research, 391–392. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.391-392.677
- Litracon. (2022). Litracon Classic. http://www.Litracon.Hu/En/about-Us/Erişim tarihi: 22.05.22.
- Luhar, S., & Khandelwal, U. (2015). Compressive Strength of Translucent Concrete. International Journal of Engineering Sciences & Emerging Technologies, 8(2).
- Momin, A. A., Kadiranaikar, R. B., Jagirdar, V., & Inamdar, A. (2014). Study on Light Transmittance of Concrete Using Optical Fibers and Glass Rods. IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering.
- Nam, H. P., Hai, N. M., Van Huong, N., Quang, P. D., Tuan, N. D., Binh, N. T., & Vy, T. Q. (2023). Experimental study on 80 MPa grade light transmitting concrete with high content of optical fibers and eco-friendly raw materials. Case Studies in Construction Materials, 18, e01810.
- Pagliolico, S. L., Lo Verso, V. R. M., Torta, A., Giraud, M., Canonico, F., & Ligi, L. (2015). A preliminary study on light transmittance properties of translucent concrete panels with coarse waste glass inclusions. Energy Procedia, 78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2015.11.317
- Pilipenko, A., Bazhenova, S., Kryukova, A., & Khapov, M. (2018). Decorative light transmitting concrete based on crushed concrete fines. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 365(3). https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/365/3/032046
- Said, S. H. (2020). State-of-the-art developments in light transmitting concrete. Materials Today: Proceedings, 33, 1967-1973.
- Shen, J., & Zhou, Z. (2021). Light transmitting performance and energy-saving of plastic optical fibre transparent concrete products. Indoor and Built Environment, 30(5). https://doi.org/10.1177/1420326X20903368
- Silalahi, Y. N. (2023). Penggunaan Kabel Fiber Optik.
- Spiesz, P., Rouvas, S., & Brouwers, H. J. H. (2016). Utilization of waste glass in translucent and photocatalytic concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.10.063
- Subathra, P., & Sangeetha, S. P. (2020). Study on pellucid concrete incorporating optical fibers–a review. Materials Today: Proceedings, 45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.12.110
- Tahwia, A. M., Heniegal, A. M., Abdellatief, M., Tayeh, B. A., & Abd Elrahman, M. (2022). Properties of ultra-high performance geopolymer concrete incorporating recycled waste glass. Case Studies in Construction Materials, 17, e01393.
- Tahwia, A. M., Abdel-Raheem, A., Abdel-Aziz, N., & Amin, M. (2021). Light transmittance performance of sustainable translucent self-compacting concrete. Journal of Building Engineering, 38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2021.102178
- Topçu, B. İ., & Uygunoğlu, T. (2016). Saydam Betonların Özellikleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma. İMO Teknik Dergi, 7469–7475.
- Tuaum, A., Shitote, S., Oyawa, W., & Biedebrhan, M. (2019). Structural Performance of Translucent Concrete Façade Panels. Advances in Civil Engineering, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/4604132
- Valambhiya, H. B., Tuvar, T. J., & Rayjada, P. V. (2017). History and case study on light transmitting concrete. J. Emerg. Technol. Innov. Res, 4(1).
- Zielińska, M., & Ciesielski, A. (2017, October). Analysis of transparent concrete as an innovative material used in civil engineering. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 245, No. 2, p. 022071). IOP Publishing.
Öz
Bu çalışmada, saydam betonun fiziksel ve mekanik özelikleri, dayanıklılığı ve doğal ışığı geçirme yoğunluğu üzerinde durulup, üretiminde kullanılan malzemelerin özellikleri ve oranları, betonu üreten şirketler ve uygulama örnekleri hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, ışık geçirme özelliğine sahip malzemeler (optik fiberler, kauçuk, cam vb.) arasında en çok tercih edilenin optik fiberler (cam optik fiber, plastik optik fiber vb.) olduğu, bunların beton içerisinde farklı yerleşimleri ve yerleşim doğrultularının, farklı lif oranlarının ve lif çaplarının, saydam betonun mekanik ve fiziksel özeliklerini etkilediği gözlenmiştir. Son on yılda yapılan araştırmaları incelediğimizde çoğunun betonun ışık geçirme özelliği üzerine olduğu, estetik açıdan yapılara katkı sağlayıcı ve enerji tüketimini azaltacağı yönünde öneriler getirildiği, fakat mekanik özellikleri üzerinde herhangi bir iyileştirme çalışmaları yapılmadığı hem geopolimer beton hem de saydam malzemelerin faydalarını birleştiren beton üretimi konusunda yeterince çalışma olmadığı görülmüştür. Bu literatür taraması ile günümüz mühendislik uygulamalarında adı çok geçen “endüstriyel atık”, “geri dönüşüm”, “sürdürülebilirlik” ve “enerji verimliliği/ekonomik” kavramları ele alınarak çevre dostu yeni bir saydam betonun tasarlanıp, üretilebileceği kanısına varılmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Optik fiber ışık geçiren beton kompozit malzeme enerji tasarrufu.
Kaynakça
- Alzahrani, S., Alkhamis, K., Felaly, R., Alkhatib, F., Pashameah, R., Shah, R., & El-Metwaly, N. M. (2023). Preparation of transparent photoluminescence plastic concrete integrated with lanthanide aluminate. Ceramics International, 49(8), 12702-12709.
- Ahuja, A., & Mosalam, K. M. (2017). Evaluating energy consumption saving from translucent concrete building envelope. Energy and Buildings, 153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.06.062
- Bajpai, R. (2013). Application of transparent concrete in construction world. I-Manager’s Journal on Civil Engineering, 4(1), 13–17.
- Bashbash, B. F., Hajrus, R. M., Wafi, D. F., & Alqedra, M. A. (2013). Basics of Light Transmitting Concrete. Global Advanced Research Journal of Engineering, Technology and Innovation, 2(3).
- Chiew, S. M., Ibrahim, I. S., Sarbini, N. N., Ariffin, M. A. M., Lee, H. S., & Singh, J. K. (2021). Development of light-transmitting concrete–A review. Materials Today: Proceedings, 39, 1046-1050.
- Çakmak, A. (2012). Şeffaf Betonun Mimaride Kullanımı ve Üretimine Yönelik Deneysel Bir Değerlendirme [Yükseklisans Tezi]. Kocaeli Üniversitesi.
- Emanet, S. (2022). Işık Geçiren Betonun Optik Fiber Oranları ve Yerleşimlerine Göre Özelliklerini İncelemeye Yönelik Deneysel Bir Çalışma [Yükseklisans Tezi]. İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi.
- Henriques, T. dos S., Dal Molin, D. C., & Masuero, Â. B. (2020). Optical fibers in cementitious composites (LTCM): Analysis and discussion of their influence when randomly arranged. Construction and Building Materials, 244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118406
- Hlelai, M. A. (2021). Study on the Properties of Transparent Geopolymer Concrete. California State University. Huang, B. (2020). Light transmission performance of translucent concrete building envelope. Cogent Engineering, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311916.2020.1756145
- Italcementi Group. (2022). İtalyan Pavyonu’nun Dış ve İç Görünümü. https://www.italcementi.it/it. Erişim Tarihi: 22.05.22.
- Kankriya, S. M. (2016). Translucent concrete by using optical fibers and glass rods. Int. J. Sci. Res. Publ, 6(10), 625-627.
- Kim, B. (2017). Light transmitting lightweight concrete with transparent plastic bar. The Open Civil Engineering Journal, 11(1).
- Kumar, A., & Ahlawat, R. (2017). Experimental Study on Light Transmitting Concrete. In IJISET-International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology (Vol. 4). www.ijiset.com
- Li, Y., Li, J., & Guo, H. (2015). Preparation and study of light transmitting properties of sulfoaluminate cement-based materials. Materials and Design, 83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2015.06.021
- Li, Y., Xu, Z. Y., Gu, Z. W., & Bao, Z. Z. (2012). Preparation of light transmitting cement-based material with optical fiber embedded by the means of parallel arrange. Advanced Materials Research, 391–392. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.391-392.677
- Litracon. (2022). Litracon Classic. http://www.Litracon.Hu/En/about-Us/Erişim tarihi: 22.05.22.
- Luhar, S., & Khandelwal, U. (2015). Compressive Strength of Translucent Concrete. International Journal of Engineering Sciences & Emerging Technologies, 8(2).
- Momin, A. A., Kadiranaikar, R. B., Jagirdar, V., & Inamdar, A. (2014). Study on Light Transmittance of Concrete Using Optical Fibers and Glass Rods. IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering.
- Nam, H. P., Hai, N. M., Van Huong, N., Quang, P. D., Tuan, N. D., Binh, N. T., & Vy, T. Q. (2023). Experimental study on 80 MPa grade light transmitting concrete with high content of optical fibers and eco-friendly raw materials. Case Studies in Construction Materials, 18, e01810.
- Pagliolico, S. L., Lo Verso, V. R. M., Torta, A., Giraud, M., Canonico, F., & Ligi, L. (2015). A preliminary study on light transmittance properties of translucent concrete panels with coarse waste glass inclusions. Energy Procedia, 78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2015.11.317
- Pilipenko, A., Bazhenova, S., Kryukova, A., & Khapov, M. (2018). Decorative light transmitting concrete based on crushed concrete fines. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 365(3). https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/365/3/032046
- Said, S. H. (2020). State-of-the-art developments in light transmitting concrete. Materials Today: Proceedings, 33, 1967-1973.
- Shen, J., & Zhou, Z. (2021). Light transmitting performance and energy-saving of plastic optical fibre transparent concrete products. Indoor and Built Environment, 30(5). https://doi.org/10.1177/1420326X20903368
- Silalahi, Y. N. (2023). Penggunaan Kabel Fiber Optik.
- Spiesz, P., Rouvas, S., & Brouwers, H. J. H. (2016). Utilization of waste glass in translucent and photocatalytic concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.10.063
- Subathra, P., & Sangeetha, S. P. (2020). Study on pellucid concrete incorporating optical fibers–a review. Materials Today: Proceedings, 45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.12.110
- Tahwia, A. M., Heniegal, A. M., Abdellatief, M., Tayeh, B. A., & Abd Elrahman, M. (2022). Properties of ultra-high performance geopolymer concrete incorporating recycled waste glass. Case Studies in Construction Materials, 17, e01393.
- Tahwia, A. M., Abdel-Raheem, A., Abdel-Aziz, N., & Amin, M. (2021). Light transmittance performance of sustainable translucent self-compacting concrete. Journal of Building Engineering, 38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2021.102178
- Topçu, B. İ., & Uygunoğlu, T. (2016). Saydam Betonların Özellikleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma. İMO Teknik Dergi, 7469–7475.
- Tuaum, A., Shitote, S., Oyawa, W., & Biedebrhan, M. (2019). Structural Performance of Translucent Concrete Façade Panels. Advances in Civil Engineering, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/4604132
- Valambhiya, H. B., Tuvar, T. J., & Rayjada, P. V. (2017). History and case study on light transmitting concrete. J. Emerg. Technol. Innov. Res, 4(1).
- Zielińska, M., & Ciesielski, A. (2017, October). Analysis of transparent concrete as an innovative material used in civil engineering. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 245, No. 2, p. 022071). IOP Publishing.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | İnşaat Mühendisliği |
| Bölüm | Derleme |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 3 Eylül 2023 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 21 Kasım 2022 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2023 |