Öz
Developments for improving the effectiveness of the composite structures strongly depend on the manufacturing methods. Additionally, the composite manufacturers have put effort into cost-effective and automated fabrication with mechanization. Controlling of the imperfections is also an important consideration for the production. This study presents several manufacturing methods for fiber-reinforced polymer composites. It also draws attention to novel techniques that use advanced technology required for the developed composite designs. Besides the conventional methods such as hand lay-up, vacuum bag, resin transfer molding, resin infusion, and autoclave, the advances in hot press molding, pultrusion process, and automated lay-up method were indicated. Moreover, the methods making difference for the hybrid composite designs such as the same qualified resin transfer molding and automated stitching processes were introduced. The advantages and limitations were indicated for the manufacturing methods and the usage purposes were addressed.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Manufacturing techniques composite manufacturing advanced technology out of autoclave same qualified resin transfer molding
Kaynakça
- Baker, A., Dutton, S., & Kelly, D. (2004). Composite materials for aircraft structures. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2nd Edition, USA, 599.
- Bere, P., Sabău, E., Dudescu, C., Neamtu, C. & Fărtan, M. (2019). Experimental research regarding carbon fiber/ epoxy material manufactured by autoclave process. MATEC Web of Conferences, 299, 1-6.
- Carlsson, L.A., & Kardomateas G.A. (2011). Structural and failure mechanics of sandwich composites, Springer, USA, 386.
- Crosky, A., Grant, C., Kelly, D., Legrand, X. & Pearce, G. (2015). Fibre placement processes for composites manufacture. Edited by Boisse, P., Advances in Composites Manufacturing and Process Design, Elsevier, UK, 79-92.
- Durgun, İ., Onur, V., Rukiye, E. & Nurettin, Y. (2014). The Effect of production technique on mechanical properties of polymer based fiber reinforced composite materials. Otekon’14, 7th Automotive Technologies Congress, 1-4.
- Fan, HL., Zeng, T., Fang, DN. & Yang, W. (2010). Mechanics of advanced fiber reinforced lattice composites. Acta Mech Sin, 26, 825–835.
- Genç, Ç. (2006). Experimental Comparison of production methods regarding fiberglass reinforced plastic, MSc Thesis, Kocaeli, Turkey.
- Gibson, LJ. (2000). Mechanical Behaviour of metallic foams. Ann Rev Mater Sci., 30, 191–227.
- Gueuning, D., & Mathieu, F. (2016). Evolution in composite injection moulding processes for wing control surfaces. Sampe (Society for the Advancement of Material and Process Engineering) Journal, 52(1), 7-12.
- Herbeck, L., Kleineberg, M., & Schöppinger, C., (2002). Foam Cores in RTM Structures, Manufacturing Aid of High-Performance Sandwich? 23rd International SAMPE Europe Conference and Tutorials/JEC, France, 1-11.
- Hota, VS., GangaRao, PVV. & Taly, N. (2009). Manufacturing of composite components. In Reinforced Concrete Design with FRP Composites, Tailor & Francis Group, LLC, CRC Press, USA, 63–77.
- Kar, K.K., 2017. Composite Materials Processing, Applications, Characterizations. Springer, Germany, 686.
- Karlsson, KF., & TomasAström, B. (1997). Manufacturing and applications of structural sandwich components. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 28(2), 97-111.
- Kim, JH., Kim, HJ., Chyun, I.B., An, JJ. & Kim, JH. (2014). Characteristic analysis of carbon FRP tube changed cross-sectional shape by bending load. Materials Research Innovations, 18, 328-331.
- Lumley, T., Mathieu, F., Cornet, D., Gueuning, D., & Hille, N.V. (2020). Out-of-autoclave process and automation: a successful path to highly integrated and cost efficient composite wing moveables. SAMPE Journal, 6-17.
- Mallick, P.K. (2007) Fiber-reinforced composites: Materials, manufacturing, and design. CRC Press, 3rd Edition, USA, 638.
- Mazumdar S.K. (2009). Manufacturing techniques in composites manufacturing: Materials, product, and process engineering, CRC Press, USA, Chapter 6, 1–135.
- McIlhagger, A., Archer, E., & McIlhagger, R. (2015). Manufacturing processes for composite materials and components for aerospace applications. Edited by Irving P.E., and Soutis C. Polymer composites in the aerospace industry, Woodhead Publishing Series in Composites Science and Engineering, Elsevier, UK, 50, 53-75.
- Mei, J., Liu, J. & Liu, J. (2017). A novel fabrication method and mechanical behavior of all-composite tetrahedral truss core sandwich panel. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 102, 28-39.
- Quanjin, M., Rejab, MRM, Idris, MS., Zhang, B., & Kumar, NM. (2019). Filament winding technique: SWOT analysis and applied favorable factors. SCIREA Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 3(1), 1-25.
- Santhanakrishnana, R., Kavithaa, N., Sundarama, M. & Venkatanarayanana, PS. (2018). Effect of pile orientation on the shear strength of stitched foam sandwich panel. Materials Research, 21(6), 1-6.
- Sevkat, E., Brahimi, M., & Berri, S. (2012). The bearing strength of pin loaded woven composites manufactured by vacuum assisted resin transfer moulding and hand lay-up techniques. Polymers and Polymer Composites, 20(3), 321-332.
- Swift, KG., & Booker, JD. (2013). Manufacturing process selection handbook, chapter 5: Plastics and Composites Processing. Elsevier, 1st Edition, UK, 141-174.
- Uzay, Ç., Acer, D.C., & Geren, N. (2019). Impact strength of interply and intraply hybrid laminates based on carbon-aramid/epoxy composites. European Mechanical Science, 3(1), 1-5.
- Uzay, Ç. (2020). Developing and testing of polymer foam core sandwich structures with hybrid carbon fiber/wire mesh sheet facings, PhD thesis, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey.
- Uzay, Ç, & Geren, N. (2020). Effect of stainless-steel wire mesh embedded into fibre-reinforced polymer facings on flexural characteristics of sandwich structures. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 39(15-16), 613-633.
- Vedernikov, A., Safonov, A., Tucci, F., Carlone, P. & Akhatov, I. (2020). Pultruded materials and structures: A review. Journal of Composite Materials, 54(26), 4081-4117.
- Website, Radius engineering, https://www.radiuseng.com/
- Website, 2010. https://www.compositesworld.com/articles/sqrtm-enables-net-shape-parts. Accessed: 10/07/2019.
- Website, 2013. https://www.flickr.com/photos/bcomposite/8938412979/in/photostream/. Accessed: 15/03/2019.
- Website, 2019. http://www.radiuseng.com/net_shape_composites. Accessed: 10/07/2019.
- Yalkin, HE., Icten, BM., & Alpyildiz, T. (2017). Tensile and compressive performances of foam core sandwich composites with various core modifications. Journal of Sandwich Structures and Materials, 19(1), 49–65.
Öz
Kompozit yapıların etkinliğini artırmaya yönelik gelişmeler büyük ölçüde imalat yöntemlerine bağlıdır. İlaveten, kompozit üreticileri düşük maliyetli ve otomasyona dayalı imalat için de çaba göstermektedirler. İmalat hatalarının kontrol edilebilir olması da üretim için önemli bir husustur. Bu çalışmada elyaf takviyeli polimer kompozitler için çeşitli imalat yöntemleri sunulmuştur. Ayrıca gelişmiş kompozit tasarımlar için ileri teknoloji kullanmayı gerektiren yenilikçi yöntemlere de dikkat çekmektedir. El yatırması, vakum torbalama, reçine transfer kalıplama, reçine infüzyonu ve otoklav gibi geleneksel yöntemlerin yanı sıra, sıcak baskı kalıplama, pultrüzyon işlemi ve otomatik yerleştirme (istifleme) yöntemlerindeki gelişmeler de belirtilmiştir. Aynı kalitede reçine transfer kalıplama ve otomatik dikişleme işlemleri gibi hibrit kompozit tasarımlarında fark yaratan yöntemler de tanıtılmıştır. İmalat yöntemlerinin birbirlerine göre üstünlükleri ve sınırlamaları belirtilmiş ve kullanım amaçlarına değinilmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
İmalat teknikleri kompozit üretimi ileri teknoloji otoklav harici işlemler aynı kalitede reçine transfer kalıplama
Kaynakça
- Baker, A., Dutton, S., & Kelly, D. (2004). Composite materials for aircraft structures. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2nd Edition, USA, 599.
- Bere, P., Sabău, E., Dudescu, C., Neamtu, C. & Fărtan, M. (2019). Experimental research regarding carbon fiber/ epoxy material manufactured by autoclave process. MATEC Web of Conferences, 299, 1-6.
- Carlsson, L.A., & Kardomateas G.A. (2011). Structural and failure mechanics of sandwich composites, Springer, USA, 386.
- Crosky, A., Grant, C., Kelly, D., Legrand, X. & Pearce, G. (2015). Fibre placement processes for composites manufacture. Edited by Boisse, P., Advances in Composites Manufacturing and Process Design, Elsevier, UK, 79-92.
- Durgun, İ., Onur, V., Rukiye, E. & Nurettin, Y. (2014). The Effect of production technique on mechanical properties of polymer based fiber reinforced composite materials. Otekon’14, 7th Automotive Technologies Congress, 1-4.
- Fan, HL., Zeng, T., Fang, DN. & Yang, W. (2010). Mechanics of advanced fiber reinforced lattice composites. Acta Mech Sin, 26, 825–835.
- Genç, Ç. (2006). Experimental Comparison of production methods regarding fiberglass reinforced plastic, MSc Thesis, Kocaeli, Turkey.
- Gibson, LJ. (2000). Mechanical Behaviour of metallic foams. Ann Rev Mater Sci., 30, 191–227.
- Gueuning, D., & Mathieu, F. (2016). Evolution in composite injection moulding processes for wing control surfaces. Sampe (Society for the Advancement of Material and Process Engineering) Journal, 52(1), 7-12.
- Herbeck, L., Kleineberg, M., & Schöppinger, C., (2002). Foam Cores in RTM Structures, Manufacturing Aid of High-Performance Sandwich? 23rd International SAMPE Europe Conference and Tutorials/JEC, France, 1-11.
- Hota, VS., GangaRao, PVV. & Taly, N. (2009). Manufacturing of composite components. In Reinforced Concrete Design with FRP Composites, Tailor & Francis Group, LLC, CRC Press, USA, 63–77.
- Kar, K.K., 2017. Composite Materials Processing, Applications, Characterizations. Springer, Germany, 686.
- Karlsson, KF., & TomasAström, B. (1997). Manufacturing and applications of structural sandwich components. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 28(2), 97-111.
- Kim, JH., Kim, HJ., Chyun, I.B., An, JJ. & Kim, JH. (2014). Characteristic analysis of carbon FRP tube changed cross-sectional shape by bending load. Materials Research Innovations, 18, 328-331.
- Lumley, T., Mathieu, F., Cornet, D., Gueuning, D., & Hille, N.V. (2020). Out-of-autoclave process and automation: a successful path to highly integrated and cost efficient composite wing moveables. SAMPE Journal, 6-17.
- Mallick, P.K. (2007) Fiber-reinforced composites: Materials, manufacturing, and design. CRC Press, 3rd Edition, USA, 638.
- Mazumdar S.K. (2009). Manufacturing techniques in composites manufacturing: Materials, product, and process engineering, CRC Press, USA, Chapter 6, 1–135.
- McIlhagger, A., Archer, E., & McIlhagger, R. (2015). Manufacturing processes for composite materials and components for aerospace applications. Edited by Irving P.E., and Soutis C. Polymer composites in the aerospace industry, Woodhead Publishing Series in Composites Science and Engineering, Elsevier, UK, 50, 53-75.
- Mei, J., Liu, J. & Liu, J. (2017). A novel fabrication method and mechanical behavior of all-composite tetrahedral truss core sandwich panel. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 102, 28-39.
- Quanjin, M., Rejab, MRM, Idris, MS., Zhang, B., & Kumar, NM. (2019). Filament winding technique: SWOT analysis and applied favorable factors. SCIREA Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 3(1), 1-25.
- Santhanakrishnana, R., Kavithaa, N., Sundarama, M. & Venkatanarayanana, PS. (2018). Effect of pile orientation on the shear strength of stitched foam sandwich panel. Materials Research, 21(6), 1-6.
- Sevkat, E., Brahimi, M., & Berri, S. (2012). The bearing strength of pin loaded woven composites manufactured by vacuum assisted resin transfer moulding and hand lay-up techniques. Polymers and Polymer Composites, 20(3), 321-332.
- Swift, KG., & Booker, JD. (2013). Manufacturing process selection handbook, chapter 5: Plastics and Composites Processing. Elsevier, 1st Edition, UK, 141-174.
- Uzay, Ç., Acer, D.C., & Geren, N. (2019). Impact strength of interply and intraply hybrid laminates based on carbon-aramid/epoxy composites. European Mechanical Science, 3(1), 1-5.
- Uzay, Ç. (2020). Developing and testing of polymer foam core sandwich structures with hybrid carbon fiber/wire mesh sheet facings, PhD thesis, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey.
- Uzay, Ç, & Geren, N. (2020). Effect of stainless-steel wire mesh embedded into fibre-reinforced polymer facings on flexural characteristics of sandwich structures. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 39(15-16), 613-633.
- Vedernikov, A., Safonov, A., Tucci, F., Carlone, P. & Akhatov, I. (2020). Pultruded materials and structures: A review. Journal of Composite Materials, 54(26), 4081-4117.
- Website, Radius engineering, https://www.radiuseng.com/
- Website, 2010. https://www.compositesworld.com/articles/sqrtm-enables-net-shape-parts. Accessed: 10/07/2019.
- Website, 2013. https://www.flickr.com/photos/bcomposite/8938412979/in/photostream/. Accessed: 15/03/2019.
- Website, 2019. http://www.radiuseng.com/net_shape_composites. Accessed: 10/07/2019.
- Yalkin, HE., Icten, BM., & Alpyildiz, T. (2017). Tensile and compressive performances of foam core sandwich composites with various core modifications. Journal of Sandwich Structures and Materials, 19(1), 49–65.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Makine Mühendisliği |
| Bölüm | Derleme |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 3 Aralık 2020 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 12 Ekim 2020 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2020 |