Araştırma Makalesi

DESIGN AND MEASUREMENT OF A VIA-FREE OPEN-STUB 3-GHZ DISCRETE BJT LOW-NOISE AMPLIFIER

Cilt: 28 Sayı: 4 3 Aralık 2025
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DESIGN AND MEASUREMENT OF A VIA-FREE OPEN-STUB 3-GHZ DISCRETE BJT LOW-NOISE AMPLIFIER

Öz

This paper presents the design, fabrication, and measurement of a 3 GHz single-stage discrete bipolar junction transistor (BJT) low-noise amplifier (LNA) for S-band wireless communication applications. To minimize parasitic effects, simplify fabrication, and enable post-production tuning, the proposed design employs via-free open-stub microstrip matching networks and transmission-line biasing in place of conventional lumped components. Source and load terminations are selected from constant-gain and stability circles, synthesized through a double-stub approach, and validated using circuit/electromagnetic (EM) co-simulation in AWR and Sonnet. A prototype was implemented on a 60 mil RO4003C substrate and biased at VCE = 3 V, IC ≈ 15 mA. Measured performance includes 9.2 dB gain, a 1.5 dB noise figure (NF) at 3 GHz, and input VSWR < 2 across 2.7–3.3 GHz (≈20% fractional bandwidth). Two-tone testing with Δf ≈ 2 MHz confirms an IIP3 of −11 ± 5 dBm. The proposed work makes three key contributions: (i) it minimizes vias and lumped parts while maintaining wide bandwidth, (ii) it provides a practical workflow for termination selection based on stability and gain circles, and (iii) it demonstrates a low-cost, fabrication-friendly design with measured validation. These results confirm the LNA’s suitability for compact, wideband receiver front-ends in satellite communication, wireless backhaul, radar, and IoT systems.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

  1. Cadence. (2025). AWR design environment platform. Retrieved August 18, 2025, from https://www.cadence.com/awr
  2. Charchian, M., Zakeri, B., & Miar-Naimi, H. (2015). Wideband noise figure low noise amplifier design for 3.5–4.5 GHz. In 2015 2nd International Conference on Knowledge-Based Engineering and Innovation (KBEI) (pp. 589–594). Tehran, Iran. https://doi.org/10.1109/KBEI.2015.7436111
  3. Edwards, M. L., & Sinsky, J. H. (1992). A new criterion for linear 2-port stability using a single geometrically derived parameter. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 40(12), 2303–2311. https://doi.org/10.1109/22.179894
  4. Gonzalez, G. (1996). Microwave transistor amplifiers: Analysis and design (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. ISBN:978-0-13-254335-4
  5. Honnaiah, P. J., & Reddy, S. (2019). Design of a linear LNA (BFP640) on RO4003C near 3.2 GHz. DOI:10.13140/RG.2.2.26776.60165
  6. Keim, R. (2023, April 21). Learn stub tuning with a Smith chart. All About Circuits. Retrieved August 18, 2025, from https://www.allaboutcircuits.com
  7. Keysight Technologies. (2001). Noise figure measurement accuracy: The Y-factor method (Application Note 5952-3706). Retrieved August 18, 2025.
  8. Maas, S. A. (2003). Nonlinear microwave and RF circuits (2nd ed.). Norwood, MA: Artech House. ISBN: 9781580534840

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Mühendislik Elektromanyetiği

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

3 Aralık 2025

Gönderilme Tarihi

27 Ağustos 2025

Kabul Tarihi

20 Ekim 2025

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2025 Cilt: 28 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA
Kök, M. O. (2025). DESIGN AND MEASUREMENT OF A VIA-FREE OPEN-STUB 3-GHZ DISCRETE BJT LOW-NOISE AMPLIFIER. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 28(4), 2070-2079. https://doi.org/10.17780/ksujes.1772932
AMA
1.Kök MO. DESIGN AND MEASUREMENT OF A VIA-FREE OPEN-STUB 3-GHZ DISCRETE BJT LOW-NOISE AMPLIFIER. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. 2025;28(4):2070-2079. doi:10.17780/ksujes.1772932
Chicago
Kök, Mehmet Onur. 2025. “DESIGN AND MEASUREMENT OF A VIA-FREE OPEN-STUB 3-GHZ DISCRETE BJT LOW-NOISE AMPLIFIER”. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 28 (4): 2070-79. https://doi.org/10.17780/ksujes.1772932.
EndNote
Kök MO (01 Aralık 2025) DESIGN AND MEASUREMENT OF A VIA-FREE OPEN-STUB 3-GHZ DISCRETE BJT LOW-NOISE AMPLIFIER. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 28 4 2070–2079.
IEEE
[1]M. O. Kök, “DESIGN AND MEASUREMENT OF A VIA-FREE OPEN-STUB 3-GHZ DISCRETE BJT LOW-NOISE AMPLIFIER”, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 28, sy 4, ss. 2070–2079, Ara. 2025, doi: 10.17780/ksujes.1772932.
ISNAD
Kök, Mehmet Onur. “DESIGN AND MEASUREMENT OF A VIA-FREE OPEN-STUB 3-GHZ DISCRETE BJT LOW-NOISE AMPLIFIER”. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 28/4 (01 Aralık 2025): 2070-2079. https://doi.org/10.17780/ksujes.1772932.
JAMA
1.Kök MO. DESIGN AND MEASUREMENT OF A VIA-FREE OPEN-STUB 3-GHZ DISCRETE BJT LOW-NOISE AMPLIFIER. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. 2025;28:2070–2079.
MLA
Kök, Mehmet Onur. “DESIGN AND MEASUREMENT OF A VIA-FREE OPEN-STUB 3-GHZ DISCRETE BJT LOW-NOISE AMPLIFIER”. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 28, sy 4, Aralık 2025, ss. 2070-9, doi:10.17780/ksujes.1772932.
Vancouver
1.Mehmet Onur Kök. DESIGN AND MEASUREMENT OF A VIA-FREE OPEN-STUB 3-GHZ DISCRETE BJT LOW-NOISE AMPLIFIER. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. 01 Aralık 2025;28(4):2070-9. doi:10.17780/ksujes.1772932

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