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6 ŞUBAT 2023 DEPREMLERİ İÇİN KIRSALDAKİ YIĞMA YAPILARIN PERFORMANSLARI ÜZERİNE BİR SAHA ARAŞTIRMASI: NURDAĞI/GAZİANTEP ÖRNEĞİ

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 3, 821 - 837, 03.09.2024

Musa Yetkın

https://doi.org/10.17780/ksujes.1430177

Öz

6 Şubat 2023 tarihinde Türkiye’nin güneydoğusunda iki yıkıcı deprem meydana gelmiştir. Mw=7.7 ve Mw=7.6 büyüklüğündeki bu iki depremin merkez üssü sırasıyla Kahramanmaraş’ın Pazarcık ve Elbistan ilçeleridir. Bu depremlerde çok sayıda kişi hayatını kaybetmiş ve birçok yapı yıkılmış/ağır hasar görmüştür. Bu yıkıcı depremlerden en fazla etkilenen yerleşim yerlerinden birisi de Gaziantep ilinin Nurdağı ilçesi olmuştur. Bu makale çalışması, 6 Şubat 2023 depremleri sonrası Nurdağı ilçesinde kırsalda inşa edilen yığma yapıların performanslarını belirlemeye yönelik yapılan bir saha araştırmasını ve elde edilen bulguların değerlendirilerek birtakım çözüm önerileri geliştirilmesi konularını kapsamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, öncelikle Nurdağı ilçesinin yer aldığı bölgenin depremselliği ve 6 Şubat 2023 depremlerinin karakteristik özelliklerinden bahsedilmiştir. Daha sonra Nurdağı ilçesi için yapılan saha araştırmasında gözlenen yığma yapı hasarları sunulmuş ve bu hasar tipleri için değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonunda ise hasarlı yapılar ve yeni inşa edilecek yığma yapılar için birtakım çözüm önerileri sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

6 Şubat 2023 depremleri Saha araştırması Yığma yapılar Deprem performansı Hasar tipleri.

Kaynakça

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A FIELD STUDY ON THE PERFORMANCE OF MASONRY STRUCTURES IN RURAL AREAS FOR THE 6 FEBRUARY 2023 EARTHQUAKES: NURDAĞI/GAZİANTEP EXAMPLE

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 3, 821 - 837, 03.09.2024

Musa Yetkın

https://doi.org/10.17780/ksujes.1430177

Öz

On February 6, 2023, two devastating earthquakes occurred in southeastern Turkey. The epicentres of these two earthquakes with magnitudes of Mw=7.7 and Mw=7.6 are the Pazarcık and Elbistan districts of Kahramanmaraş, respectively. Many people lost their lives, and many buildings were destroyed or severely damaged in these earthquakes. One of the settlements most affected by these devastating earthquakes was the Nurdağı district of Gaziantep province. This paper covers a field study conducted to determine the performance of masonry structures built in rural areas of Nurdağı district after the February 6, 2023, earthquakes and the development of some solution suggestions by evaluating the findings obtained. This study mentioned the seismicity of the region where Nurdağı district is located and the characteristics of the February 6, 2023 earthquakes. Then, the damages to the masonry structure observed in the field study for the Nurdağı district were presented, and evaluations were made for these damage types. Finally, some solutions for damaged and newly constructed masonry structures were presented.

Anahtar Kelimeler

February 6 2023 earthquakes field study masonry structures earthquake performance damage types

Kaynakça

  • Adanur, S. (2010). Performance of masonry buildings during the 20 and 27 December 2007 Bala (Ankara) earthquakes in Turkey. Natural Hazards and Earth System Science, 10, 2547–2556.
  • Ahmadizadeh, M., & Shakib, H. (2004). On the December 26, 2003, southeastern Iran earthquake in Bam region. Engineering Structures, 26, 1055–1070.
  • Akkar, S., Aldemir, A., Askan, A., Bakır, S., Canbay, E., Demirel, I. O., & Yenier, E. (2011). 8 March 2010 Elazığ-Kovancılar (Turkey) Earthquake: Observations on ground motions and building damage. Seismological Research Letters, 82, 42–58.
  • Arpat, E., & Şaroğlu, F. (1975). Türkiye’deki bazı önemli genç tektonik olaylar. Türkiye Jeoloji Kurumu Bülteni, 18(1), 91-101.
  • Ates, S., Kahya, V., Yurdakul, M., & Adanur, S. (2013). Damages on reinforced concrete buildings due to consecutive earthquakes in Van. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 53, 109-118.
  • Atmaca, B., Demir, S., Günaydin, M., Altunişik, A. C., Hüsem, M., Ateş, Ş., ... & Angin, Z. (2020). Field investigation on the performance of mosques and minarets during the Elazig-Sivrice Earthquake. Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, 34(6), 04020120.
  • Bayraktar, A., Altunişik, A.C., & Pehlivan, M. (2013). Performance and damages of reinforced concrete buildings during the October 23 and November 9, 2011 Van, Turkey, earthquakes. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 53, 49–72.
  • Bayraktar, A., Coşkun, N., & Yalçin, A. (2007). Damages of masonry buildings during the July 2, 2004 Doǧubayazit (Aǧrı) earthquake in Turkey. Engineering Failure Analysis, 14, 147–157.
  • Bovo, M., Barbaresi, A., Torreggiani, D., & Tassinari, P. (2020). Collapse and damage to vernacular buildings induced by 2012 Emilia earthquakes. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 18, 1049-1080.
  • Brandonisio, G., Lucibello, G., Mele, E., & De Luca, A. (2013). Damage and performance evaluation of masonry churches in the 2009 L’Aquila earthquake. Engineering Failure Analysis, 34, 693–714.
  • Büyüksaraç, A., Gündoğdu, E., Bektaş, Ö., & Işık, E. (2024). Failure mechanism by wrench faulting in Central Anatolia. Engineering Failure Analysis, 156, 107786.
  • Caglar, N., Vural, I., Kirtel, O., Saribiyik, A., & Sumer, Y. (2023). Structural damages observed in buildings after the January 24, 2020 Elazığ-Sivrice earthquake in Türkiye. Case Studies in Construction Materials, 18, e01886.
  • Celep, Z., Erken, A., Taskin, B., & Ilki, A. (2011). Failures of masonry and concrete buildings during the March 8, 2010 Kovancılar and Palu (Elazığ) Earthquakes in Turkey. Engineering Failure Analysis, 18, 868–889.
  • Çelebi, E., Aktas, M., Çağlar, N., Özocak, A., Kutanis, M., Mert, N., & Özcan, Z. (2013). October 23, 2011 Turkey/Van-Erciş earthquake: Structural damages in the residential buildings. Natural Hazards, 65, 2287–2310.
  • Dedeoğlu, İ.Ö., Yetkin, M., & Calayır, Y. (2022). 24 January 2020 Sivrice-Elazığ Earthquake: Assessment of Seismic Characteristics of Earthquake, Earthquake Territory and Structural Performance of Reinforced Concrete Structures. Sakarya University Journal of Science, 26, 1892–1907.
  • Dedeoğlu, İ.Ö., Yetkin, M., Calayır, Y., & Erkek, H. (2023) January 24, 2020 Sivrice-Elazığ (Türkiye) Earthquake: The Seismic Assessment of the Earthquake Territory, Geotechnical Findings and Performance of Masonry Buildings. Iran J Sci Technol Trans Civ Eng, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40996-023-01318-0
  • Demirtaş, R. (2003). DAFZ’nda Deprem Üreten Diri Faylar; 1900-2003 Yılları Arasında Doğu Anadolu Fay Zonunda Olmuş Hasar Yapıcı Depremler. TMMOB Jeoloji Mühendisleri Odası Yayınları, 78 (3).
  • Dogan, G., Ecemis, A. S., Korkmaz, S. Z., Arslan, M. H., & Korkmaz, H. H. (2021). Buildings damages after Elazığ, Turkey earthquake on January 24, 2020. Natural Hazards, 109(1), 161-200.
  • Doǧangün, A. (2004). Performance of reinforced concrete buildings during the May 1, 2003 Bingöl Earthquake in Turkey. Engineering Structures, 26(6), 841-856.
  • Dutta, S. C., Nayak, S., Acharjee, G., Panda, S. K., & Das, P. K. (2016). Gorkha (Nepal) earthquake of April 25, 2015: Actual damage, retrofitting measures and prediction by RVS for a few typical structures. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 89, 171-184.
  • Emre, Ö., Duman, T.Y., Olgun, Ş., Elmacı, H. & Özalp, S. (2012). 1:250.000 Ölçekli Diri Fay Haritası Serisi, Gaziantep (NJ 37-9) Paftası, Seri No:38, Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara-Türkiye.
  • Erkek, H., & Yetkin, M. (2023). Assessment of the performance of a historic minaret during the Kahramanmaras¸ earthquakes (Mw 7.7 and Mw 7.6). Structures, 58, 105620.
  • Gautam, D., & Chaulagain, H. (2016). Structural performance and associated lessons to be learned from world earthquakes in Nepal after 25 April 2015 (MW 7.8) Gorkha earthquake. Engineering Failure Analysis, 68, 222–243.
  • Göçer, C. (2020). Structural evaluation of masonry building damages during the April 24, 2014 Gökçeada earthquake in the Aegean Sea. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 18, 3459–3483.
  • Herece, E. (2003). Doğu anadolu fayı deprem ve kentleşme. TMMOB Jeoloji Mühendisleri Odası Yayınları, 78 (3).
  • Indirli, M., S. Kouris, L.A., Formisano, A., Borg, R.P., & Mazzolani, F.M. (2013). Seismic damage assessment of unreinforced masonry structures after the Abruzzo 2009 earthquake: The case study of the historical centers of L’Aquila and Castelvecchio Subequo. International Journal of Architectural Heritage, 7, 536–578.
  • Ingham, J., & Griffith, M. (2010). Performance of unreinforced masonry buildings during the 2010 Darfield (Christchurch, NZ) earthquake. Australian Journal of Structural Engineering, 11, 207–224.
  • Isik, E., Aydin, M. C., & Buyuksarac, A. (2020). 24 January 2020 Sivrice (Elazig) earthquake damages and determination of earthquake parameters in the region. Earthquakes and Structures, 19(2), 145.
  • Ismail, N., & Khattak, N. (2019). Observed failure modes of unreinforced masonry buildings during the 2015 Hindu Kush earthquake. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 18, 301–314.
  • İmamoğlu, M.Ş., & Çetin, E. (2007). Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi ve Yakın Yöresinin Depremselliği. Dicle Üniversitesi Ziya Gökalp Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, (9), 93-103.
  • İnce, O. (2024). Structural damage assessment of reinforced concrete buildings in Adıyaman after Kahramanmaras¸ (Türkiye) Earthquakes on 6 February 2023. Engineering Failure Analysis, 156, 107799.
  • Kahya, V., Genç, A.F., Sunca, F., Roudane, B., Altunişik, A.C., Yilmaz, S., Günaydin, M., Dok, G., Kirtel, O., Demir, A., Aykanat, B., Arslan, M.E., Saribiyik, A., Aydin, F., Aslan, B., Sezdirmez, T., Tatar, T., Emiroğlu, M., Atmaca, B., Adanur, S., Ertürk Atmaca, E., Güleş, O., Demirkaya, E., Öztürk, H., & Akgül, T. (2024). Evaluation of earthquake-related damages on masonry structures due to the 6 February 2023 Kahramanmaras¸-Türkiye earthquakes: A case study for Hatay Governorship Building. Engineering Failure Analysis, 156, 107855.
  • Kaplan, H., Yilmaz, S., Binici, H., Yazar, E., & Çetinkaya, N. (2004). May 1, 2003 Turkey-Bingöl earthquake: damage in reinforced concrete structures. Engineering Failure Analysis, 11(3), 279-291.
  • Karakostas, C., Lekidis, V., Makarios, T., Salonikios, T., Sous, I., & Demosthenous, M. (2005). Seismic response of structures and infrastructure facilities during the Lefkada, Greece earthquake of 14/8/2003. Engineering Structures, 27(2), 213-227.
  • Kocaman, İ. (2023a). Damage mechanisms of masonry structures: an observation after 19 November Erzurum-Köprüköy Earthquake. Journal of Structural Engineering & Applied Mechanics, 6(5), 455-467.
  • Kocaman, İ. (2023b). The effect of the Kahramanmaras¸ earthquakes (Mw 7.7 and Mw 7.6) on historical masonry mosques and minarets. Engineering Failure Analysis, 149, 107225.
  • Meli, R., Brzev, S., Astroza, M., Boen, T., Crisafulli, F., & Dai, J. (2011). Seismic Design Guide for Low-Rise Confined Masonry Buildings Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI), Oakland, California.
  • Mercimek, Ö. (2023). Seismic failure modes of masonry structures exposed to Kahramanmaras¸ earthquakes (Mw 7.7 and 7.6) on February 6, 2023. Engineering Failure Analysis, 151, 107422.
  • Naseer, A., Khan, A. N., Hussain, Z., & Ali, Q. (2010). Observed seismic behavior of buildings in northern Pakistan during the 2005 Kashmir earthquake. Earthquake Spectra, 26(2), 425-449.
  • Okay, A.I., Zattın, M., & Cavazza, W. (2010). Apatite fission track data for the Miocene Arabia-Eurasia collision. Geology, 38, 35-38.
  • Onat, O., Yön, B., Öncü, M. E., Varolgüneş, S., Karaşin, A., & Cemalgil, S. (2022). Field reconnaissance and structural assessment of the October 30, 2020, Samos, Aegean Sea earthquake: an example of severe damage due to the basin effect. Natural Hazards, 112(1), 75-117.
  • Oyguc, R. (2016). Seismic performance of RC school buildings after 2011 Van earthquakes. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 14, 821–847.
  • Oyguc, R., & Oyguc, E. (2017). 2011 Van Earthquakes: Lessons from Damaged Masonry Structures. Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, 31, 1–20.
  • Ruiz-Pinilla, J. G., Adam, J. M., Pérez-Cárcel, R., Yuste, J., & Moragues, J. J. (2016). Learning from RC building structures damaged by the earthquake in Lorca, Spain, in 2011. Engineering Failure Analysis, 68, 76-86.
  • Sayın, E., Yön, B., Calayır, Y., & Karaton, M. (2013). Failures of masonry and adobe buildings during the June 23, 2011 Maden-(Elazığ) earthquake in Turkey. Engineering Failure Analysis, 34, 779-791.
  • Sorrentino, L., Liberatore, L., Liberatore, D., & Masiani, R. (2014). The behaviour of vernacular buildings in the 2012 Emilia earthquakes. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 12, 2367–2382.
  • Tapan, M., Comert, M., Demir, C., Sayan, Y., Orakcal, K., & Ilki, A. (2013). Failures of structures during the October 23, 2011 Tabanli (Van) and November 9, 2011 Edremit (Van) earthquakes in Turkey. Engineering Failure Analysis, 34, 606–628.
  • Taskin, B., Sezen, A., Tugsal, U. M., & Erken, A. (2013). The aftermath of 2011 Van earthquakes: Evaluation of strong motion, geotechnical and structural issues. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 11, 285–312.
  • Taucer, F., Alarcon, J.E., & So, E. (2009). 2007 August 15 magnitude 7.9 earthquake near the coast of Central Peru: Analysis and field mission report. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 7, 1–70.
  • TBDY. (2018). Türkiye Bina Deprem Yönetmeliği. Ankara: Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi Başkanlığı. Ural, A., Doğangün, A., Sezen, H., & Angın, Z. (2012). Seismic performance of masonry buildings during the 2007 Bala, Turkey earthquakes. Natural Hazards, 60, 1013–1026.
  • URL-1. Nurdağı Tarihçe. http://www.nurdagi.gov.tr/ Erişim tarihi: 24.01.2024
  • URL-2. Gaziantep İl Afet Risk Azaltma Planı - İRAP. (2021) https://gaziantep.afad.gov.tr/kurumlar/gaziantep.afad/E-Kutuphane/Il-Planlari/Gaziantep-IRAP.pdf Erişim tarihi: 24.01.2024
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  • URL-6. 6 Şubat 2023 Depreminin İvme Verileri. https://tadas.afad.gov.tr/list-event Erişim tarihi: 29.01.2024
  • Vuran, E., Serhatoğlu, C., Timurağaoğlu, M.Ö., Smyrou, E., Bal, İ.E., & Livaoğlu, R. (2024). Damage observations of RC buildings from 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquake sequence and discussion on the seismic code regulations. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 1-30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-023-01843-3.
  • Yakut, A., Sucuoğlu, H., Binici, B., Canbay, E., Donmez, C., İlki, A., & Ay, B. Ö. (2022). Performance of structures in İzmir after the Samos island earthquake. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 20, 7793–7818.
  • Yazgan, U., Oyguç, R., Ertaç Ergüven, M., & Celep, Z. (2016). Seismic performance of buildings during 2011 Van earthquakes and rebuilding efforts. Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 15, 591–606.
  • Yetkin, M., Dedeoğlu, İ.Ö., & Calayır, Y. (2021). 24 Ocak 2020 Sivrice depremi sonrasında Elazığ ilinde bulunan minarelerde meydana gelen hasarların araştırılması ve değerlendirilmesi. Fırat Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 33, 379–389.
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  • Zhao, B., Taucer, F., & Rossetto, T. (2009). Field investigation on the performance of building structures during the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China. Engineering Structures, 31(8), 1707-1723.
Toplam 64 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Deprem Mühendisliği
Bölüm İnşaat Mühendisliği
Yazarlar

Musa Yetkın 0000-0002-6259-4137

Yayımlanma Tarihi 3 Eylül 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 1 Şubat 2024
Kabul Tarihi 28 Nisan 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024Cilt: 27 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Yetkın, M. (2024). 6 ŞUBAT 2023 DEPREMLERİ İÇİN KIRSALDAKİ YIĞMA YAPILARIN PERFORMANSLARI ÜZERİNE BİR SAHA ARAŞTIRMASI: NURDAĞI/GAZİANTEP ÖRNEĞİ. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 27(3), 821-837. https://doi.org/10.17780/ksujes.1430177
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