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SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR ÜRETİM: KENEVİR BİTKİSİ VE SIFIR ATIK UYGULAMALARI

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 2, 1123 - 1142, 03.06.2025

Naciye Olcay Helvacı , Yasemin Korkmaz

Öz

Sıfır atık projeleri, sürdürülebilir bir geleceğin temel taşlarını oluştururken, kenevir bitkisi bu yaklaşımın somut bir sembolü olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Köklerinden başlayarak tamamı değerlendirilebilen kenevir, atık oluşturmadan çeşitli parçalara dönüştürülebilmektedir. Tekstil, tıp, gıda, biyokompozit, inşaat malzemeleri ve enerji üretimi gibi birçok alanda kullanılan kenevir, çevre dostu özelliklerle döngüsel ekonominin en güçlü aktörüdür. Bu nedenle son yıllarda kenevirin endüstriyel kullanımına yönelik ilgi yeniden artmış ve kenevir üretimiyle ilgili yasal düzenlemeler yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, kenevir bitkisinin özellikleri, tarih boyunca maruz kaldığı yasaklamalar ve günümüze kadar yaşanan değişimler ele alınarak küresel kenevir pazarı incelenmiştir. Ayrıca, kenevirin her bir parçasının çeşitli amaçlar için değerlendirilebilmesi ve çok yönlü, sürdürülebilir bir kaynak olması nedeniyle sıfır atık çalışmaları kapsamında kullanım alanları araştırılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kenevir sıfır atık çevre dostu sürdürülebilirlik

Kaynakça

  • Aksoğan Korkmaz, A., Önal, Y. (2022). Kenevir Atıklarının Karbonizasyonu ve Aktif Karbon Eldesi. Konya Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 10, s. 1, 29-39, 2022. DOI: 10.36306/konjes.967894.
  • Altman, A.W., Kent-Dennis, C., Klotz, J.L., McLeod, K.R.,Vanzant, E.S. & Harmon, D.L.(2024). Review: Utilizing industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) by-products in livestock rations. Animal Feed Science and Technology 307 (2024) 115850. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115850
  • Amaduccia, S., Scordia, D., Liu, F.H., Zhang, Q., Guo,.H., Testa, G. & Cosentino S.L.(2015). Key cultivation techniques for hemp in Europe and China. Industrial Crops and Products 68 (2015) 2–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.06.041
  • Amode, N.S. & Jeetah, P.(2021). Paper Production from Mauritian Hemp Fibres. Waste and Biomass Valorization (2021) 12:1781–1802. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-020-01125-y
  • Aryal, K., Maraseni, T.,Kretzschmar, T.,Chang, D., Naebe, M.,Neary, L. & Ash, G.(2024). Knowledge mapping for a secure and sustainable hemp industry: A systematic literature review. Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering 9 (2024) 100550. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscee.2023.100550
  • Brito Siqueira, A. L.G., Cremasco, P.V.V., Bahú, J. O., Silva, A. P., Andrade, L. R. M., Gonzalez, P.G.A., Crivellin, S., Concha, V. O. C., Krambeck, K., Lodi, L., Severino, P. & Souto, E.B.(2023). Phytocannabinoids: Pharmacological effects, biomedical applications, and worldwide prospection. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine 13 (2023) 575e587. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcme.2023.08.006
  • Cabrera-Villamizar, L., Pereira, J.F., Castanedo, M., Lopez-Rubio, A., Fabra, M.J. (2025). Hemp cellulose-based aerogels and cryogels: From waste biomass to sustainable absorbent pads for food preservation. Carbohydrate Polymers 348 (2025) 122887. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122887
  • Callaway J.C.(2004). Hempseed as a nutritional resource: An overview. Euphytica 140: 65–72, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-004-4811-6.
  • Colic, M.L., Jukic, M., Nakov, G., Lukinac, J., Antunovic, M.(2024). Sustainable Utilization of Hemp Press Cake Flour in Ice Cream Production: Physicochemical, Rheological, Textural, and Sensorial Properties. Sustainability 2024, 16, 8354. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16198354
  • Crini, G., Lichtfouse, E., Chanet, G., Morin‑Crini, N.(2020). Applications of hemp in textiles, paper industry, insulation and building materials, horticulture, animal nutrition, food and beverages, nutraceuticals, cosmetics and hygiene, medicine, agrochemistry, energy production and environment: a review. Environmental Chemistry Letters (2020) 18:1451–1476. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-020-01029-2
  • Cognitive Market Research. Hemp Market Report. (2024). https://www.cognitivemarketresearch.com/hemp-market-report/ Erişim: 21.10.2024
  • Çalgeriş, İ. (2010). Fındık Kabuğundan Lignin İzolasyonu ve Lignin/Nişasta Biyoçözünür Polimerlerin Elde edilmesi. Marmara Üniversitesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
  • Çevre, Şehircilik ve İklim Değişikliği Bakanlığı (CSB) (2025). https://cygm.csb.gov.tr/sifir-atik-ile-geri-kazanim-orani-35e-ulasti.-haber-286897/Erişim:27.03.2025
  • Dresboll, D.B. & Thorup-Kristensen, K.(2005). Structural differences in wheat (Triticum aestivum), hemp (Cannabis sativa) and Miscanthus (Miscanthus ogiformis) affect the quality and stability of plant based compost. Scientia Horticulturae 107 (2005) 81–89. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2005.06.006
  • Duangrin, M., Pisutpiched, S., Deenu, A., Kamthai, S.(2024). Ultrasonic-assisted synthesis for the production of green and sustainable hemp carboxymethyl cellulose. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 280 (2024) 135610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135610.
  • Enarevba, D.R. & Haapala, K.R.(2024). The Emerging Hemp Industry: A Review of Industrial Hemp Materials and Product Manufacturing. AgriEngineering 2024,6, 2891–2925. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriengineering6030167
  • Farinon, B., Molinari, R., Costantini, L. & Merendino, N.(2020). The Seed of Industrial Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.):Nutritional Quality and Potential Functionality for Human Health and Nutrition. Nutrients 2020, 12, 1935. doi:10.3390/nu12071935.
  • Fei, M., Liu, W., Shao, L., Cao, Y., Bliss, B. J., Zhao,B. & Zhang, J.(2024). Hemp fiber reinforced dual dynamic network vitrimer biocomposites with direct incorporation of amino silane. Chemical Engineering Journal 480 (2024) 148091. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2023.148091
  • Food and Ariculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). (2024). https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL/visualize/ Erişim: 23.10.2024.
  • Gizlenci, Ş., Acar, M., Yiğen, Ç. & Aytaç, S.(2019).Kenevir Tarımı. Karadeniz Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü.
  • Helvacı, N.O. & Korkmaz, Y.(2024). Çevre Dostu Hammaddelerden Üretilen Aktif Karbonlar ve Uygulama Alanları. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 27(4), 1514-1528. https://doi.org/10.17780/ksujes.1459927.
  • Hossain, Z. Md., Wu, W., Xu, W.Z., Chowdhury, M. B. I., Jhawar, A.K. Machin, D., Charpentier, P.A.(2018). High-Surface-Area Mesoporous Activated Carbon from Hemp Bast Fiber Using Hydrothermal Processing. C 2018, 4, 38. doi:10.3390/c4030038.
  • Grand View Research. Industrial Hemp Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report By Application (Animal Care, Textiles, Food & Beverages), By Product (Seeds, Fiber, Shivs), By Region (North America, Asia Pacific), And Segment Forecasts, 2024 – 2030. (2024). https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/industrial-hemp-market/ Erişim: 21.10.2024
  • Jingjing, L. (2011). Isolation of Lignin from Wood, 57 pages, 3 appendices Saimaa University of Applied Sciences, Imatra Unit of Technology, Degree Programme in Paper Technology Bachelor’s Thesis.
  • Kamle,M., Mahato, D.K.,Sharma, B., Gupta, A., Shah, A.K., Mahmud, M.M.C.,Agrawal, S., Singh, J., Rasane, P., Shukla, A.C. & Kumar, P.(2024). Nutraceutical potential, phytochemistry of hemp seed (Cannabis sativa L.) and its application in food and feed: A review. Food Chemistry Advances 4 (2024) 100671. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.focha.2024.100671
  • Kaya, S. & Öner, E.(2020). Kenevir Liflerinin Eldesi, Karakteristik Özellikleri ve Tekstil Endüstrisindeki Uygulamaları. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 11(1): 108-123 (2020). https://doi.org/10.29048/makufebed.693406
  • Kymalainen, H.R. & Sjoberg A.M.(2008). Flax and hemp fibres as raw materials for thermal insulations. Building and Environment 43 (2008) 1261–1269. doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2007.03.006.
  • Manaia, J.P., Manaia, A.T. & Rodriges, L.(2019). Industrial Hemp Fibers: An Overview. Fibers 2019, 7, 106; doi:10.3390/fib7120106.
  • Markets and Markets. Indusrial Hemp Market. (2024). https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/Market-Reports/industrial-hemp-market-84188417.html/ Erişim: 21.10.2024.
  • McPartland, J.M. (2018). Cannabis Systematics at the Levels of Family, Genus, and Species. Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research Volume 3.1, 2018. http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/can.2018.0039 Mechoulam, R.(2019). Cannabinoids as Therapeutic Agents. CRC Press; 2019.
  • Muhit, I.B., Omairey, E.L. & Pashakolaie v.G.(2024). A holistic sustainability overview of hemp as building and highway construction materials. Building and Environment 256 (2024) 111470. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.111470.
  • Onay, A., Yıldırım H. & Ekinci, R.(2020). KENEVİR (Cannabis sativa L.).Palme Yayınları. Ankara. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/347916067_KENEVIR_Cannabis_sativa_L.
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  • Pereira, J.F., Núnez, E., Reyes, A., Mali, S., Lopez-Rubio, A. & Fabra, M.J.(2024). On the use of lignocellulosic hemp fibers to produce biodegradable cost-efficient biocomposites. Future Foods 10 (2024) 100507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fufo.2024.100507
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SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION: HEMP PLANT AND ZERO WASTE APPLICATIONS

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 2, 1123 - 1142, 03.06.2025

Naciye Olcay Helvacı , Yasemin Korkmaz

Öz

While zero waste projects form the cornerstones of a sustainable future, the hemp plant stands out as a concrete symbol of this approach. Hemp, which can be evaluated in its entirety starting from its roots, can be transformed into various parts without creating waste. Hemp, which is used in many areas such as textile, medicine, food, biocomposite, construction materials and energy production, is the strongest actor of the circular economy with its environmentally friendly features. For this reason, interest in the industrial use of hemp has increased again in recent years and legal regulations have been made regarding hemp production. In this study, the global hemp market was examined by considering the characteristics of the hemp plant, the prohibitions it has been subjected to throughout history and the changes experienced until today. In addition, since each part of hemp can be evaluated for various purposes and is a versatile and sustainable resource, its areas of use were investigated within the scope of zero waste studies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hemp zero waste environmentally friendly sustainability

Kaynakça

  • Aksoğan Korkmaz, A., Önal, Y. (2022). Kenevir Atıklarının Karbonizasyonu ve Aktif Karbon Eldesi. Konya Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 10, s. 1, 29-39, 2022. DOI: 10.36306/konjes.967894.
  • Altman, A.W., Kent-Dennis, C., Klotz, J.L., McLeod, K.R.,Vanzant, E.S. & Harmon, D.L.(2024). Review: Utilizing industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) by-products in livestock rations. Animal Feed Science and Technology 307 (2024) 115850. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115850
  • Amaduccia, S., Scordia, D., Liu, F.H., Zhang, Q., Guo,.H., Testa, G. & Cosentino S.L.(2015). Key cultivation techniques for hemp in Europe and China. Industrial Crops and Products 68 (2015) 2–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.06.041
  • Amode, N.S. & Jeetah, P.(2021). Paper Production from Mauritian Hemp Fibres. Waste and Biomass Valorization (2021) 12:1781–1802. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-020-01125-y
  • Aryal, K., Maraseni, T.,Kretzschmar, T.,Chang, D., Naebe, M.,Neary, L. & Ash, G.(2024). Knowledge mapping for a secure and sustainable hemp industry: A systematic literature review. Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering 9 (2024) 100550. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscee.2023.100550
  • Brito Siqueira, A. L.G., Cremasco, P.V.V., Bahú, J. O., Silva, A. P., Andrade, L. R. M., Gonzalez, P.G.A., Crivellin, S., Concha, V. O. C., Krambeck, K., Lodi, L., Severino, P. & Souto, E.B.(2023). Phytocannabinoids: Pharmacological effects, biomedical applications, and worldwide prospection. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine 13 (2023) 575e587. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcme.2023.08.006
  • Cabrera-Villamizar, L., Pereira, J.F., Castanedo, M., Lopez-Rubio, A., Fabra, M.J. (2025). Hemp cellulose-based aerogels and cryogels: From waste biomass to sustainable absorbent pads for food preservation. Carbohydrate Polymers 348 (2025) 122887. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122887
  • Callaway J.C.(2004). Hempseed as a nutritional resource: An overview. Euphytica 140: 65–72, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-004-4811-6.
  • Colic, M.L., Jukic, M., Nakov, G., Lukinac, J., Antunovic, M.(2024). Sustainable Utilization of Hemp Press Cake Flour in Ice Cream Production: Physicochemical, Rheological, Textural, and Sensorial Properties. Sustainability 2024, 16, 8354. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16198354
  • Crini, G., Lichtfouse, E., Chanet, G., Morin‑Crini, N.(2020). Applications of hemp in textiles, paper industry, insulation and building materials, horticulture, animal nutrition, food and beverages, nutraceuticals, cosmetics and hygiene, medicine, agrochemistry, energy production and environment: a review. Environmental Chemistry Letters (2020) 18:1451–1476. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-020-01029-2
  • Cognitive Market Research. Hemp Market Report. (2024). https://www.cognitivemarketresearch.com/hemp-market-report/ Erişim: 21.10.2024
  • Çalgeriş, İ. (2010). Fındık Kabuğundan Lignin İzolasyonu ve Lignin/Nişasta Biyoçözünür Polimerlerin Elde edilmesi. Marmara Üniversitesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
  • Çevre, Şehircilik ve İklim Değişikliği Bakanlığı (CSB) (2025). https://cygm.csb.gov.tr/sifir-atik-ile-geri-kazanim-orani-35e-ulasti.-haber-286897/Erişim:27.03.2025
  • Dresboll, D.B. & Thorup-Kristensen, K.(2005). Structural differences in wheat (Triticum aestivum), hemp (Cannabis sativa) and Miscanthus (Miscanthus ogiformis) affect the quality and stability of plant based compost. Scientia Horticulturae 107 (2005) 81–89. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2005.06.006
  • Duangrin, M., Pisutpiched, S., Deenu, A., Kamthai, S.(2024). Ultrasonic-assisted synthesis for the production of green and sustainable hemp carboxymethyl cellulose. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 280 (2024) 135610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135610.
  • Enarevba, D.R. & Haapala, K.R.(2024). The Emerging Hemp Industry: A Review of Industrial Hemp Materials and Product Manufacturing. AgriEngineering 2024,6, 2891–2925. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriengineering6030167
  • Farinon, B., Molinari, R., Costantini, L. & Merendino, N.(2020). The Seed of Industrial Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.):Nutritional Quality and Potential Functionality for Human Health and Nutrition. Nutrients 2020, 12, 1935. doi:10.3390/nu12071935.
  • Fei, M., Liu, W., Shao, L., Cao, Y., Bliss, B. J., Zhao,B. & Zhang, J.(2024). Hemp fiber reinforced dual dynamic network vitrimer biocomposites with direct incorporation of amino silane. Chemical Engineering Journal 480 (2024) 148091. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2023.148091
  • Food and Ariculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). (2024). https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL/visualize/ Erişim: 23.10.2024.
  • Gizlenci, Ş., Acar, M., Yiğen, Ç. & Aytaç, S.(2019).Kenevir Tarımı. Karadeniz Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü.
  • Helvacı, N.O. & Korkmaz, Y.(2024). Çevre Dostu Hammaddelerden Üretilen Aktif Karbonlar ve Uygulama Alanları. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 27(4), 1514-1528. https://doi.org/10.17780/ksujes.1459927.
  • Hossain, Z. Md., Wu, W., Xu, W.Z., Chowdhury, M. B. I., Jhawar, A.K. Machin, D., Charpentier, P.A.(2018). High-Surface-Area Mesoporous Activated Carbon from Hemp Bast Fiber Using Hydrothermal Processing. C 2018, 4, 38. doi:10.3390/c4030038.
  • Grand View Research. Industrial Hemp Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report By Application (Animal Care, Textiles, Food & Beverages), By Product (Seeds, Fiber, Shivs), By Region (North America, Asia Pacific), And Segment Forecasts, 2024 – 2030. (2024). https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/industrial-hemp-market/ Erişim: 21.10.2024
  • Jingjing, L. (2011). Isolation of Lignin from Wood, 57 pages, 3 appendices Saimaa University of Applied Sciences, Imatra Unit of Technology, Degree Programme in Paper Technology Bachelor’s Thesis.
  • Kamle,M., Mahato, D.K.,Sharma, B., Gupta, A., Shah, A.K., Mahmud, M.M.C.,Agrawal, S., Singh, J., Rasane, P., Shukla, A.C. & Kumar, P.(2024). Nutraceutical potential, phytochemistry of hemp seed (Cannabis sativa L.) and its application in food and feed: A review. Food Chemistry Advances 4 (2024) 100671. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.focha.2024.100671
  • Kaya, S. & Öner, E.(2020). Kenevir Liflerinin Eldesi, Karakteristik Özellikleri ve Tekstil Endüstrisindeki Uygulamaları. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 11(1): 108-123 (2020). https://doi.org/10.29048/makufebed.693406
  • Kymalainen, H.R. & Sjoberg A.M.(2008). Flax and hemp fibres as raw materials for thermal insulations. Building and Environment 43 (2008) 1261–1269. doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2007.03.006.
  • Manaia, J.P., Manaia, A.T. & Rodriges, L.(2019). Industrial Hemp Fibers: An Overview. Fibers 2019, 7, 106; doi:10.3390/fib7120106.
  • Markets and Markets. Indusrial Hemp Market. (2024). https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/Market-Reports/industrial-hemp-market-84188417.html/ Erişim: 21.10.2024.
  • McPartland, J.M. (2018). Cannabis Systematics at the Levels of Family, Genus, and Species. Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research Volume 3.1, 2018. http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/can.2018.0039 Mechoulam, R.(2019). Cannabinoids as Therapeutic Agents. CRC Press; 2019.
  • Muhit, I.B., Omairey, E.L. & Pashakolaie v.G.(2024). A holistic sustainability overview of hemp as building and highway construction materials. Building and Environment 256 (2024) 111470. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.111470.
  • Onay, A., Yıldırım H. & Ekinci, R.(2020). KENEVİR (Cannabis sativa L.).Palme Yayınları. Ankara. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/347916067_KENEVIR_Cannabis_sativa_L.
  • Palmieri, B., Laurino, C. & Vadala, M.(2019). A therapeutic effect of cbd-enriched ointment in inflammatory skin diseases and cutaneous scars. Clin Ter 2019; 170 (2):e93-99. doi: 10.7417/CT.2019.2116.
  • Prade, T., Svensson, S.E. & Mattsson, J.E.2012. Energy balances for biogas and solid biofuel production from industrial hemp. Biomass and Bioenergy 40(2012) 36-52. doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2012.01.045
  • Pereira, J.F., Núnez, E., Reyes, A., Mali, S., Lopez-Rubio, A. & Fabra, M.J.(2024). On the use of lignocellulosic hemp fibers to produce biodegradable cost-efficient biocomposites. Future Foods 10 (2024) 100507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fufo.2024.100507
  • Russo, E. & Guy, G.W.(2006).A tale of two cannabinoids: the therapeutic rationale for combining tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol. Med Hypotheses.2006;66(2):234-246. doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2005.08.026.
  • Sangalang, R.H.(2021). Kapok Fiber- Structure, Characteristics and Applications: A Review. Orient. J. Chem., Vol. 37(3), 513-523 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/370301
  • Sarno, L.D., Albuhairi, D. & Peres Medeiros, J.M.(2024). Exploring innovative resilient and sustainable bio-materials for structural applications: Hemp-fibre concrete. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2024.107096.
  • Souza, A.A.F., Silva, A.F.M., Abreu, L.R. (2021). Medicinal uses of Cannabis sp. Res Soc Devel. 2021;10(7):e58010716930-e58010716930. https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i7.16930.
  • Şakiroğlu, M.(2023). A brief introduction to hemp cultivation, processing, trade, and publication in the ottoman era. Turkish Journal of Scientific Reviews E-ISSN: 2146-0132 16(1): 1-9, 2023. https://derleme.gen.tr/index.php/derleme/article/view/453.
  • Sheriff, T., Lin, M.J., Dubin, D. & Khorasani, H.(2020). The potential role of cannabinoids in dermatology. J Dermatolog Treat. 2021 Feb;32(1):128-129. doi: 10.1080/09546634.2019.1690620.
  • Sıfır Atık Yolculuğu. (2025). https://sifiratik.gov.tr/guncel/s%C4%B1f%C4%B1r-at%C4%B1k-yolculugu /Erişim: 25.03.2025.
  • Stenius, P.(2000). Forest Products Chemistry. Helsinki: Fapet Oy.
  • Tiret, J.S. (2002). Kuzey-Orta Türkiye'de Kenevir (Cannabis sativa L.) Yetiştiriciliği. Endüstriyel Kenevir Dergisi 7 (2), 73–81. https://doi.org/10.1300/J237v07n02_07 Trade statistics for international business development (TRADEMAP). (2024). https://www.trademap.org/Country_SelProduct_TS.aspx?nvpm=1%7c%7c%7c%7c%7c5302%7c%7c%7c4%7c1%7c1%7c2%7c2%7c1%7c2%7c2%7c1%7c1/Erişim: 22.10.2024.
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK). (2024). https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Kategori/GetKategori?p=Tarim-111/ Erişim:28.10.2024.
  • Vincenzi, K. & Tosti, A.(2020). Efficacy and Tolerability of a Shampoo Containing Broad-Spectrum Cannabidiol in the Treatment of Scalp Inflammation in Patients with Mild to Moderate Scalp Psoriasis or Seborrheic Dermatitis. Skin Appendage Disord (2020) 6 (6): 355–361.https://doi.org/10.1159/000510896
  • Viscusi, G., Adami, R.,Gorrasi, G.(2021). Fabrication of rice flour films reinforced with hemp hurd and loaded with grapefruit seed oil: A simple way to valorize agro-waste resources toward low cost materials with added value. Industrial Crops & Products 170 (2021) 113785. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.113785
  • Yao, Y., Jian-bo, Z., Hao, W., Ying, Z., Li-wei, L., Jiang, Y., Ting-ting, Y., Jiao,X. & Bao-shan,Y.(2017). Manufacturing technology and application of hemp cigarette paper with dense ash integration. Earth and Environmental Science 61(2017) 012078. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/61/1/012078
  • Yu, Y., Zhan, J.B., Wan, H., Zhang, Y., Li, L.W., Yu, J., Yu, T.T., Xie, J., Yue, B.S. (2017). Manufacturing technology and application of hemp cigarette paper with dense ash integration. In: 3rd international conference energy material environmental engineering. Book series: IOP conference series earth and environmental science 61. UNSP 012078. https ://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/61/1/012078
  • Zugic, A., Martinovic, M., Tadic, V., Rajkovic, M., Racic, G., Nesic, I. & Koren, A.(2024). Comprehensive Insight into Cutaneous Application of Hemp. Pharmaceutics 2024, 16, 748. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16060748
Toplam 50 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Atık Yönetimi, Azaltma, Yeniden Kullanım ve Geri Dönüşüm, Çevresel Olarak Sürdürülebilir Mühendislik
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Naciye Olcay Helvacı 0009-0008-6628-9325

Yasemin Korkmaz

Yayımlanma Tarihi 3 Haziran 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 17 Şubat 2025
Kabul Tarihi 15 Nisan 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025Cilt: 28 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Helvacı, N. O., & Korkmaz, Y. (2025). SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR ÜRETİM: KENEVİR BİTKİSİ VE SIFIR ATIK UYGULAMALARI. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 28(2), 1123-1142.
 Kapak Resmi İndir